A recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vaccine induces local immunity by four different routes of immunization

Abstract

Immunization of mice with an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain (Phop c) carrying a plasmid encoding a hybrid form of the hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc) induced specific antibody responses against the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and HBc. Different mucosal routes of immunization, i.e., oral, nasal, rectal, and vaginal, were compared for their ability to induce a systemic as well as a mucosal response at sites proximal or distant to the site of immunization. Anti-LPS and anti-HBc immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies were measured in saliva, in feces, and in genital, bronchial, and intestinal secretions. Specific antibodies in serum and secretions were observed after immunization via all routes; however, the response to LPS was independent of that against HBc. In serum, saliva, and genital and bronchial secretions, high amounts of anti-HBc IgA were obtained by the nasal route of immunization. Vaginal immunization resulted in two different responses in mice: high and low. We observed a correlation between the level of specific immune response and the estrous status of these mice at the time of immunization. Rectal immunization induced high amounts of IgA against HBc and LPS in colonorectal secretions and feces but not at distant sites. These data suggest that S. typhimurium is able to invade different mucosal tissues and induce long-lasting local IgA responses against itself and a carried antigen after a single immunization.

Immunization with Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium Producing Catalase in Protection against Gastric Helicobacter pylori Infection in Mice

“…(2) it avoids the denaturation of antigens in the stomach; (3) it can deliver two or more foreign antigens at the same time; (4) it induces both cell-mediated and humoral responses [17][18][19][20]24]. As an efficient live bacterial vector, attenuated S. typhimurium has been used to deliver H. pylori antigens, such as the urease A and B subunits, with promising protective results in animal models [21,30,40].…”

Kinetics of the mucosal antibody secreting cell response and evidence of specific lymphocyte migration to the lung after oral immunisation with attenuated S. enterica var. typhimurium

“…Each symbol represents the mean number of spots from three mice, with the error calculated as S.E.M. rium carrying foreign antigens have been shown to be capable of inducing antibodies detectable in lung washes [27,28]. Walker et al [27] investigated responses after three immunisations and found detectable ASC numbers mainly after boosting, suggesting that multiple inoculations may be required for detectable responses, consistent with detection of lung ASC predominantly in boosted mice.…”

Antigen Delivery System II

“…However, Seo et al (2010) have used eye drop immunization with an RASV to induce mucosal antibodies assayed in vaginal secretions and also induce protection to challenge with a wild-type virulent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain. Previous work (Hopkins et al, 1995) had demonstrated that delivery of an RASV strain by diverse mucosal routes induced antibodies in distal mucosal sites, as well as in serum, except for rectal immunization, which only resulted in mucosal responses in the intestinal tract. In contrast, Kantele et al (1998) observed that rectal immunization of human volunteers with antityphoid vaccine strain Ty21a induced better mucosal immune responses in nasal and rectal secretions and tears than did oral administration, which induced better mucosal responses in saliva and vaginal secretions.…”