A Reconfigurable Four Terminal-Pair Digitally Assisted and Fully Digital Impedance Ratio Bridge

Kucera, Jan; Kovac, Jakub

doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2790538

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The amount of reported measurements and the number of different measurement systems do not allow to discuss the associated uncertainty budgets. Details about the uncertainty sources considered for each bridge are discussed in [3,4,8,13,24]. Common uncertainty sources include contributions due to: ‡ The operating temperature was not recorded for the standards 0104A/B.…”

Section: Uncertainty and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accuracy of CMI 4TP-FD is specified mainly by the properties of the applied generators. CMI 4TP-FD is based on a set of two-channel modular sine wave generators (SWGs) developed at CMI [3], each with two highly accurate voltage sources GiA and GiB operating at RMS voltage levels up to 7 V. The SWG uses direct digital synthesis (DDS) to generate a sine wave signal . The DDS is implemented with a sine wave look-up table with high amplitude and angle resolutions together with 20 bit DACs to generate a pure sine wave signal with an optional 18 bit multiplying circuit to set the output amplitude.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An international comparison of phase angle standards between the novel impedance bridges of CMI, INRIM and METAS

et al. 2018

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We report here the results of a comparison of electrical impedance standards aimed at evaluating four novel digital impedance bridges developed by the national metrology institutes CMI, INRIM and METAS. This comparison, which is the first of its kind, involved phase angle impedance standards developed by TÜBİTAK UME with phase angles of ±30 • and ±60 • , and magnitudes ranging from about 100 Ω to 1 MΩ. The comparison demonstrated agreement among the measurement results obtained with the different bridges, and allowed us to gather information on the stability of the phase standards and on the more critical aspects related to the characterization of the bridges.

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Section: Uncertainty and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An international comparison of phase angle standards between the novel impedance bridges of CMI, INRIM and METAS

et al. 2018

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“…From the first designs of the 1980s [2]- [6], electronic fully-digital impedance bridges based on polyphase digital signal generators have emerged in recent years as measuring systems suitable for primary impedance metrology [1], [7]- [11]. With typical accuracies in the 10 −6 -10 −5 range, these kinds of bridges are not as accurate as traditional transformerratio bridges [10], [12], [13] or Josephson bridges [14]- [17], but can measure impedances across the whole complex plane and are characterized by affordable cost, short measuring time and ease of operation. These features make them suitable for smaller national metrology institutes and calibration laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Analysis of Error Sources in Electronic Fully Digital Impedance Bridges

Ortolano

Marzano

D'Elia

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Fully-digital impedance bridges are emerging as measuring instruments for primary electrical impedance metrology and the realization of impedance units and scales. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of electronic fully-digital impedance bridges, for both generating (based on digital-toanalog converters) and digitizing (based on analog-to-digital converters) bridges. The sources of measurement error are analyzed in detail and expressed by explicit mathematical formulae ready to be applied to the specific bridge and measurement case of interest. The same can be employed also as a basis to optimize the design and the operating parameters of digital bridges, and to evaluate the measurement uncertainty. A practical application of the analysis to the digital bridges developed and measurements performed in the framework of an international research project is presented.

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“…The 100 kΩ resistors can then be used in a quadrature bridge to determine the values of the standard capacitors [6]. Since with the CRs, the frequency dependence of impedance standards with traceability to the QHR can be measured, they are used as references for high-accuracy electrical measurement systems [7][8][9]. Applications with medical and technologic impact involve high-accuracy impedance measurements, such as electrical characterization of tissue [10,11], cell detection [12], supercapacitors developments [13], impedance matching in wireless power transfer systems [14], voltage-controlled inverters for electrical grids [15], and characterization of lead-acid batteries [16,17], only to cite a few examples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Methodology to Develop Bifilar, Quadrifilar, and Octofilar Calculable Resistors

Estrada

Hernandez-Marquez²,

Aviles³

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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This paper describes the development of bifilar, quadrifilar, and octofilar Calculable Resistors (CRs). The research involves Evanohm-S and Isaohm wire heat treatment processes to achieve temperature coefficients less than 0.5 µΩ/Ω/ • C in the CR's wire resistance element, tests of different terminal-wire joining techniques, and construction aspects achieving a stability of less than 0.05 µΩ/Ω/day. This kind of construction methodology has not been presented in detail in previous CR papers, and it is essential to accomplish the correct parameters of a CR. Without it, the development of a CR can take several months or even years. A comparison between CRs developed in this research and a CR from the Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS) in Switzerland was carried out. Measurement results between the 10 kΩ octofilar CR and the METAS 1 kΩ coaxial CR show an agreement better than 0.35 µΩ/Ω through the audio-frequency range. Therefore, the octofilar CR can be used as an AC resistance reference with traceability to the quantum Hall resistance in DC.

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A Reconfigurable Four Terminal-Pair Digitally Assisted and Fully Digital Impedance Ratio Bridge

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

An international comparison of phase angle standards between the novel impedance bridges of CMI, INRIM and METAS

An international comparison of phase angle standards between the novel impedance bridges of CMI, INRIM and METAS

A Comprehensive Analysis of Error Sources in Electronic Fully Digital Impedance Bridges

A Simple Methodology to Develop Bifilar, Quadrifilar, and Octofilar Calculable Resistors

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