Abstract. We refine the reconstruction theorem for almost-commutative spectral triples to a result for real almost-commutative spectral triples, clarifying in the process both concrete and abstract definitions of real commutative and almost-commutative spectral triples. In particular, we find that a real almostcommutative spectral triple algebraically encodes the commutative * -algebra of the base manifold in a canonical way, and that a compact oriented Riemannian manifold admits real (almost-)commutative spectral triples of arbitrary KOdimension. Moreover, we define a notion of smooth family of real finite spectral triples and of the twisting of a concrete real commutative spectral triple by such a family, with interesting KK-theoretic and gauge-theoretic implications.The famed Gel'fand-Naȋmark duality allows for a contravariant functorial identification of the theory of C * -algebras as a theory of noncommutative topological spaces. Analogously, Connes's reconstruction theorem for commutative spectral triples [6] suggests a partial identification, at least at the level of objects, of the theory of spectral triples as a theory of noncommutative manifolds. However, since there is no canonical choice of commutative spectral triple for a compact oriented manifold, it has become traditional in the noncommutative-geometric literature to restrict attention to the case of compact spin manifolds, which admit a canonical Dirac-type operator, the Dirac operator, and hence a canonical commutative spectral triple. Indeed, the influence of this example has been profound on the development of the theory of spectral triples, both implicitly through the traditional forms of the definitions of commutative and almost-commutative spectral triples, and explicitly through the focus on real spectral triples; the ubiquity of real spectral triples in the literature, together with the explicit use of real spectral triples in applications to theoretical high energy physics, would seem to justify this restriction.There is, however, another way to approach this issue: every compact oriented manifold admits a Riemannian metric, and a compact oriented Riemannian manifold X admits a canonical spectral triple, namely, the. This, then, suggests that the theory of spectral triples might be fruitfully viewed as a theory of noncommutative Riemannian manifolds. Indeed, Lord-Rennie-Várilly have developed a full noncommutative generalisation of the Hodge-de Rham spectral triple qua candidate notion of noncommutative Riemannian manifold [10]. On the other hand, in the (almost-)commutative context, one might observe that the Hodge-de Rham spectral triple of a compact oriented Riemannian manifold X, or more generally, the spectral triple 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 58B34, Secondary 46L87, 81T75.