A Record 1-km MMF NRZ 25.78-Gb/s Error-Free Link Using a 1060-nm DIC VCSEL

1060 nm Single-Mode VCSEL and Single-Mode Fiber Links for Long-Reach Optical Interconnects

“…At this wavelength, fiber chromatic dispersion is one-third and attenuation is half compared to 850 nm [2]. Furukawa has demonstrated 20 GHz bandwidth oxide-confined 1060 nm MM VCSELs with double intra-cavity contacts and a dielectric top distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), enabling 25 Gbps OOK-NRZ transmission over 1 km of 1060 nm optimized MMF [10]. With VCSELs from Furukawa, Georgia Tech demonstrated 50 Gbps PAM-4 transmission over 300 m of wideband MMF using preemphasis and forward error correction (FEC) [11].…”

Pre‐emphasis enabled 50 Gbit/s transmission over 1000 m SMF using a 1060 nm single‐mode VCSEL

“…Transitioning from 850 to 1060 nm leads to a 50% reduction of fibre attenuation and a 70% reduction of chromatic dispersion [7]. This has led to demonstrations of MMF links with capacities of 25 Gbit/s NRZ‐OOK over 1000 m [8] and 50 Gbit/s 4‐PAM over 310 m [9].…”

A 25.78-Gbit/s × 4-ch Active Optical Cable with Ultra-Compact Form Factor for High-Density Optical Interconnects

“…On the other hand, optical interconnects have the advantage that high-speed signals can be transmitted further than in an electrical one with low propagation loss. Therefore, as the optical interconnects for rack-to-rack data transmission, active optical cables (AOCs) have been developed and widely applied [2][3][4][5][6]. More recently, for high-density signal transmission, it has become necessary to increase the total input/output (I/O) capacity.…”

“…Thermal vias are fabricated through the substrate to the bottom of the ICs. In the case of a conventional AOC, the ICs (the VCSEL driver and the TIA) are mounted on the top side of the substrate [3][4][5][6]. On the contrary, the ICs of the proposed AOC are mounted on the bottom side of the substrate.…”