A recording dilatometer for measuring polymerization shrinkage

Penn, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/s0109-5641(86)80056-2

Cited by 67 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This was made possible by accurately controlling the sample thickness by fastening the shield on the glass under constant pressure. When the linear shrinkages are converted to percentage of volumetric shrinkage (Table 3) according to the methods by de Gee et al [4], they ranged between 1.88% (Tetric Ceram) and 2.53% (Herculite XRV), which is within the range of the previous reports [1][2][3][4]6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The polymerization shrinkage of dental composites can be measured by several methods: mercury or water dilatometer [1][2][3]; the linometer [4] or by measuring the specific gravity differences between uncured and cured composite samples [5]. The use of a linometer has merits such as simple and easy application, and it is unaffected by temperature [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a linometer has merits such as simple and easy application, and it is unaffected by temperature [4]. It has been reported that there are significant differences in the magnitude of polymerization shrinkage among commercially available composite materials [1][2][3][4]6]. In these shrinkage measurement studies, randomly selected composite portions in a syringe were measured four to eight times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consistency in the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage in syringe-type composites

1999

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the composite resin in a syringe showed a consistent shrinkage through its content. Additionally, the amount of linear shrinkage was compared between materials.Methods: Five brands of syringe-type and one brand of carpule-type composite resins were used in this study. To each brand, two to three syringes were assigned. In the carpule-type composite, 15 carpules were used. The linear polymerization shrinkage was measured using a custom-made linometer. In this linometer, the amount of displacement of an aluminum disk, which was caused by the linear shrinkage of composite resin, was recorded by a computer every second for 90 s.Results: The syringe-type composites showed similar consistencies in the amount of linear shrinkage except one. The linear shrinkage of the carpule-type Tetric Ceram showed more consistency compared with syringe-type composites. The amount of linear polymerization shrinkage varied between materials.Significance: This investigation demonstrates that the use of carpule-type composites is recommended instead of syringe-types, because of the consistency in its linear shrinkage. The custom-made linometer provides an effective way to study polymerization shrinkage. ᭧

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consistency in the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage in syringe-type composites

1999

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“…The modified dilatometer [13][14][15] used in this study eliminated the significant attenuation of the curing light by the density bottle. This was possible because specimens were lightirradiated through a cover glass of merely 0.5 mm thickness, and the reduction of power density through the cover glass was estimated to be very small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Irradiation Time on Volumetric Shrinkage and Flexural Properties of Flowable Resins

et al. 2007

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of irradiation time on volumetric change and flexural properties of flowable resins. Four commercially available flowable resins were employed. For volumetric shrinkage measurement, resin pastes were inserted into a mold (2 mm in height, 4 mm in diameter) and put into a water-filled dilatometer. This was followed by light irradiation for 10, 20, or 30 seconds at 600 mW/cm 2 . Volumetric shrinkage of the specimens was then determined from the change in the height of water meniscus, and the percentage volumetric change thereof was calculated. For flexural strength measurement, resin pastes were filled into a stainless steel mold (25×2×2 mm), and the middle one-third of the specimen was first irradiated. The remaining two-thirds were irradiated under the same irradiation conditions as volumetric shrinkage measurement. After 24-hour storage in 37℃ water, three-point flexural tests were performed with a span length of 20 mm at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey' s HSD test were used for statistical analysis. For all materials tested except Estelite Flow Quick, both volumetric shrinkage and flexural strength increased with longer light irradiation time. Results of this study indicated that both volumetric shrinkage and flexural properties were influenced by light irradiation time and resin composite type.

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“…Examples of various volumetric measuring techniques are the mercury dilatometer, water dilatometer, linear techniques and the pycnometer. A disadvantage with the utilization of dilatometers is that they are extremely sensitive to variations in temperature [14,19]. Oberholzer et al, [15] described a specially designed electronically controlled mercury dilatometer which measured change in volume of the sample every 0.5 seconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric change of flowable composite resins due to polymerization as measured with an electronic mercury dilatometer

Mulder¹,

Grobler²,

Osman³

2013

Oral Biol Dent

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Background: To determine the total volumetric change and the relative speed of shrinkage of bulk fill flowable composites during polymerization. Materials and methods: A specially designed electronic mercury dilatometer was used to determine the volumetric change. The light intensity was 500mW/cm 2 . The mercury dilatometer measured the volumetric change every 0.5 seconds during the 35 second irradiation exposure time. The materials tested were Z250 as standard and control. Four bulk fill flowable composites were tested. Results: The sequence of total volumetric change was found to be: Z250 < Filtek bulk fill < Xtra-Base bulk fill < SDR < Venus bulk fill. The speed of shrinkage of the bulk fill flowables was faster than that of Z250, while the 2 flowables with the highest shrinkage speed (SDR and Venus) also had the highest total volumetric change. Of the different materials tested the volumetric change of Z250 (1.13%) was the lowest and significantly less (p<0.05) than that of SDR (1.55%) and Venus (1.72%). The material with the highest filler content (Z250) also showed the lowest shrinkage (1.13%) but this effect could not be seen in the flowables. In general, it was found that a 35 second irradiation period (with a light intensity of 500mW/cm 2 ) was satisfactory for complete polymerization of the resins. Conclusions:The volumetric changes and speed of shrinkage were higher for all 4 bulk fill flowable composites than for Z250. SDR and Venus flowables had the fastest and highest volumetric shrinkage. Clinical significance: The manufacturers of bulk fill flowable composites advocate filling layers of 4mm. However, because of the high shrinkage values found in this study it should be suggested that the standard 2mm layer increments still be used.

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A recording dilatometer for measuring polymerization shrinkage

Cited by 67 publications

References 3 publications

Consistency in the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage in syringe-type composites

Consistency in the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage in syringe-type composites

Influence of Irradiation Time on Volumetric Shrinkage and Flexural Properties of Flowable Resins

Volumetric change of flowable composite resins due to polymerization as measured with an electronic mercury dilatometer

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