A redescription of Scrippsiella hangoei (Schiller) comb. nov. –a ‘red tide’ dinoflagellate from the northern Baltic

Larsen, Jacob; Kuosa, Harri; Ikävalko, Johanna; Kivi, Kai; Hällfors, Seija

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-34-2-135.1

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Logares et al (2008) showed that, in the laboratory, S. hangoei grows equally well at all salinities ranging from 0 to 30% while P. aciculiferum did not grow at salinities 43%. S. hangoei has earlier been found in both brackish (salinity B6%) and marine cold waters (Larsen et al, 1995;Niels Daugbjerg, personal communication). In the current study, we also observed S. hangoei in Lake Baikal for the first time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The studied group of armored dinoflagellate species have previously been described and identified as different species and even genera (Kisselew and Zwetkow, 1935;Larsen et al, 1995;Rengefors and Anderson, 1998;Rengefors and Meyer, 1998;Hansen and Flaim, 2007). All species turned out to have identical SSU rDNA fragments and only very small differences in the LSU rDNA, ITS2 rDNA and mitochondrial COB gene markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Recent radiation in a marine and freshwater dinoflagellate species flock

et al. 2015

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Processes of rapid radiation among unicellular eukaryotes are much less studied than among multicellular organisms. We have investigated a lineage of cold-water microeukaryotes (protists) that appear to have diverged recently. This lineage stands in stark contrast to known examples of phylogenetically closely related protists, in which genetic difference is typically larger than morphological differences. We found that the group not only consists of the marine-brackish dinoflagellate species Scrippsiella hangoei and the freshwater species Peridinium aciculiferum as discovered previously but also of a whole species flock. The additional species include Peridinium euryceps and Peridinium baicalense, which are restricted to a few lakes, in particular to the ancient Lake Baikal, Russia, and freshwater S. hangoei from Lake Baikal. These species are characterized by relatively large conspicuous morphological differences, which have given rise to the different species descriptions. However, our scanning electron microscopic studies indicate that they belong to a single genus according to traditional morphological characterization of dinoflagellates (thecal plate patterns). Moreover, we found that they have identical SSU (small subunit) rDNA fragments and distinct but very small differences in the DNA markers LSU (large subunit) rDNA, ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) and COB (cytochrome b) gene, which are used to delineate dinoflagellates species. As some of the species co-occur, and all four have small but species-specific sequence differences, we suggest that these taxa are not a case of phenotypic plasticity but originated via recent adaptive radiation. We propose that this is the first clear example among free-living microeukaryotes of recent rapid diversification into several species followed by dispersion to environments with different ecological conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Recent radiation in a marine and freshwater dinoflagellate species flock

et al. 2015

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“…S. hangoei has very thin and delicate plates (Larsen et al 1995) and is sensitive to preservatives such as formaldehyde, which cause deformation and dissolution of the cells (Heiskanen 1995). If chloroform has a similar effect, this could explain a low recovery in the traps.…”

Section: Selective Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical distribution and settling of spring phytoplankton in the offshore NW Baltic Sea proper

Höglander¹,

Larsson²,

Hajdu³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We studied the vertical distribution and settling of dominant diatoms and dinoflagellates during the 1996 spring phytoplankton bloom in the offshore NW Baltic Sea proper. We sampled phytoplankton at 11 depths (to 80 m) and collected settling cells in sediment traps at 25, 50 and 100 m depth, every week from March 26 to May 7. Phytoplankton were counted and sized from both water and trap samples, to estimate the share of phytoplankton in bulk settling carbon. Diatoms, mainly Chaetoceros spp. and Achnanthes taeniata, dominated the early bloom, but were replaced by the dinoflagellates cf. Scrippsiella hangoei and Peridiniella catenata when inorganic nitrogen was depleted above the seasonal pycnocline at ca. 10 m depth. By late April, vertically migrating dinoflagellates had depleted inorganic nitrogen down to 30 m, well below the seasonal pycnocline. We found clear species-specific sedimentation patterns. Scrippsiella hangoei and Chaetoceros spp., which dominated in the water column, were clearly underrepresented in the traps, while Thalassiosira baltica and T. levanderi, which were sparse in the water column, were overrepresented in sediment traps. Only 4, 3 and 0.5 g C m -2 (or 16, 12 and 2% of phytoplankton primary production) settled as intact phytoplankton cells at 25, 50 and 100 m, respectively, although these numbers may be overestimated due to migrating P. catenata. The settling bulk carbon was ~3 g C m -2 or 12% of the primary production at all depths. This is low compared to other estimates from coastal waters and suggests additional loss mechanisms, e.g. disintegration in the water column and grazing by zooplankton overwintering in the permanent halocline area.

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“…They frequently dominate the spring bloom and constitute a major fraction of the newly produced biomass (Lignell et al 1993, Heiskanen & Kononen 1994, Larsen et al 1995. The taxonomic affiliations of the involved species have long been unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the bloom-forming cold-water dinoflagellate Biecheleria baltica in the Baltic Sea using LSU rRNA probes

Sundström

Kremp²,

Tammilehto³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Cold-water dinoflagellates frequently dominate the spring phytoplankton community of the northern Baltic Sea and contribute substantially to the spring primary production. These dinoflagellate communities are largely composed of 3 different species (Biecheleria baltica, Scrippsiella hangoei, Gymnodinium corollarium) that cannot be unambiguously separated by conventional light microscopy. In this study, a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed for the detection of B. baltica in field samples. The probe-based method was tested and optimized in vitro, and potential effects of the B. baltica life-cycle transitions were evaluated by examining the labeling quality of the probes on different life-cycle stages before the assay was applied in a field study. The BbRNA4 probe had the highest specificity and was chosen for downstream applications. The lifecycle experiment showed significant differences in labeling efficiency between cultured cells from different growth phases, particularly for the nutrient-limited treatment compared to the control. Tests with spiked field samples revealed that cell recovery in the FISH assay was low (30%), resulting in a considerable underestimation of in situ abundances. However, a strong relationship between FISH and Utermöhl counts of field samples suggests that trends of the bloom dynamics can be followed reliably by this method. By applying the FISH detection method in a field survey, we found that the dynamics of the B. baltica bloom follows that established earlier for the Scrippsiella/Biecheleria/ Gymnodinium complex, with 2 peaks throughout the season. When corrected for processing losses, FISH-based abundance estimates suggest that B. baltica comprised the major fraction of the total dinoflagellate complex during the spring bloom at the southwest coast of Finland.

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A redescription of Scrippsiella hangoei (Schiller) comb. nov. –a ‘red tide’ dinoflagellate from the northern Baltic

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

Recent radiation in a marine and freshwater dinoflagellate species flock

Recent radiation in a marine and freshwater dinoflagellate species flock

Vertical distribution and settling of spring phytoplankton in the offshore NW Baltic Sea proper

Detection of the bloom-forming cold-water dinoflagellate Biecheleria baltica in the Baltic Sea using LSU rRNA probes

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