A Redescription of the Life Cycle of <i>Eimeria mitis</i> Tyzzer, 1929

Novilla, Meliton N.; Jeffers, T. K.; Griffing, W. J.; White, Steve

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03139.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The climatic conditions, lighting program, and chicken fodder and water were manually-operated and the chicks were cared for in agreement with the approved guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Committee of China Agricultural University. Sporulated oocysts (2.5 × 10 3 ) were inoculated into broiler chicks by oral gavage, and faeces were collected at 5–9 days post-inoculation according to eimerian species and the experimental requirements 19 20 21 . The collected oocysts of Eimeria mitis were used to spike other oocyst-free chicken faeces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical cream separator coupled with vacuum filtration for the purification of eimerian oocysts and trichostrongylid eggs

El‐Ashram

Suo

2017

Sci Rep

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Several methods have been proposed for separation of eimerian oocysts and trichostrongylid eggs from extraneous debris; however, these methods have been considered to be still inconvenient in terms of time and wide-ranging applications. We describe herein an alternative way using the combination of electrical cream separator and vacuum filtration for harvesting and purifying eimerian oocysts and haemonchine eggs on large-scale applications with approximately 81% and 92% recovery rates for oocysts and nematode eggs obtained from avian and ovine faeces, correspondingly. The sporulation percentages as a measure of viability in the harvested oocysts and eggs from dry faecal materials are nearly 68% and 74%, respectively, and 12 liters of faecal suspension can be processed in approximately 7.5 min. The mode of separation in terms of costs (i.e. simple laboratory equipments and comparably cheap reagents) and benefits renders the reported procedure an appropriate pursuit to harvest and purify parasite oocysts and eggs on a large scale in the shortest duration from diverse volumes of environmental samples compared to the modified traditional sucrose gradient, which can be employed on a small scale.Many studies have been devoted to coccidiosis owing to significant economic losses to the poultry and many other domestic livestock industries throughout the world. Coccidiosis is a severe infection caused by the apicomplexan parasite of genus Eimeria in a host and predilection site specific manner 1-4 . Furthermore, among the gastrointestinal parasites that cause losses to the farming industry, for example, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus and Cooperia, Haemonchus contortus or the barber's pole worm is the predominant nematodes that infect small ruminants 5 .Coprologic examinations have long been conceded as an effective way for parasite identification that animal and human contracted with them. The most commonly employed technique in veterinary medicine, medical and clinical laboratory for separation of oocysts and eggs is the faecal floatation test. The technique depends on the differences in the specific gravity of the oocysts and eggs, the fluid floatation medium and debris. In other words, the differential density exists between them. Centrifugal flotation methods are clearly superior to non-centrifugation flotation procedures in terms of rapidity and efficiency.A considerable amount of literature has been published on eimerian oocyst and nematode egg separation from faecal materials. Techniques for the concentration and purification of oocysts and eggs from faecal samples include saturated salt solution flotation, sucrose density, zinc sulfate, and Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation has been exploited to separate subcellular fractions of Eimeria tenella sporozoites 6 . More recent attention has focused on the isolation of the endocytic organelle from macrophages by sucrose gradient 7 . In 1987, Arrowood and Sterling 8 published a paper in which they emplo...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical cream separator coupled with vacuum filtration for the purification of eimerian oocysts and trichostrongylid eggs

El‐Ashram

Suo

2017

Sci Rep

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“…One of these strains (FS 271) had been isolated in 1978 from the intestine of a bird in Georgia, USA. A detailed examination showed that the lifecycle comprised four generations of schizogony and one of gametogony (Novilla et al, 1987). Endogenous development took place in the ileum but later spread to the bursa of Fabricius and the cloaca.…”

Section: Biographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thomas K. Jeffers: pioneer of coccidiosis research

Chapman

2012

Avian Pathology

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Thomas K. Jeffers has made many significant contributions to our understanding of the biology of the parasite Eimeria, the cause of coccidiosis in poultry. His work has had direct practical application for the control of this widespread disease. Topics discussed include Jeffers' pioneering work concerned with genetics of the host response to infection, the nature of biological and immunological intraspecific variation, drug resistance and discovery, field surveys of resistance, and his most recognized achievement-the demonstration that the lifecycle of coccidia may be altered by artificial selection. Parasites so modified are attenuated but retain their immunogenicity, a discovery that has led to the development of live vaccines that are inherently non-pathogenic. This article provides a brief biography and describes the contributions that Jeffers has made to our knowledge of coccidiosis.

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“…Complex development stages of E. acervulina are consistent with its stage-specific characteristics of genetics, including specifically expressed genes and proteins, which could provide fundamental information in the discovery of effective vaccine and drugs against coccidiosis. Previous studies have predominantly relied on morphological techniques, such as electron microscopy, to describe the various developmental stages of Eimeria and the growth characteristics of PLs compared to the WT [7][8][9][10]. However, due to the asynchronous nature of coccidian development, these findings are significantly influenced by subjective judgment, particularly during the first generation of schizogony, where the scarcity and uneven distribution of Eimeria can lead to observations being biased by sampling location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Insights into the Developmental Dynamics of Eimeria acervulina: A Comparative Study of a Precocious Line and the Wild Type

Zhang,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Genes

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Coccidiosis, a parasitic disease caused by single or multiple Eimeria species, leads to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The Eimeria life cycle includes schizogony, gametogony, and sporogony. To investigate the dynamics of gene expression and regulatory networks during the development of Eimeria acervulina, we employed time-course transcriptomics to rigorously compare the gene expression patterns between a precocious line (PL) and the wild type (WT) of E. acervulina. The results revealed that the PL enters into gametogony 12 h earlier than the WT, and both the PL and WT exhibited distinct clustering patterns during the development phase. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified genes specifically expressed at four distinct developmental stages, schizogony, gametogony, sporulated oocysts, and unsporulated oocysts, clarifying the key biological processes at each stage. This study used global transcriptome profiling to elucidate molecular variations throughout the E. acervulina life cycle, providing critical insights into molecular characterization and valuable resources for investigating other apicomplexan parasites of public health importance.

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A Redescription of the Life Cycle of Eimeria mitis Tyzzer, 1929

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Electrical cream separator coupled with vacuum filtration for the purification of eimerian oocysts and trichostrongylid eggs

Electrical cream separator coupled with vacuum filtration for the purification of eimerian oocysts and trichostrongylid eggs

Thomas K. Jeffers: pioneer of coccidiosis research

Transcriptomic Insights into the Developmental Dynamics of Eimeria acervulina: A Comparative Study of a Precocious Line and the Wild Type

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