2006
DOI: 10.1039/b516972k
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A redox responsive polymeric gel based on ionic crosslinking

Abstract: We report here an electrochemically responsive polymer hydrogel based on ionic crosslinking. The crosslinking by metal cations and anionic carboxylic acid side groups can be controlled by redox reactions. The crosslinks dissociate when the cation crosslinker is reduced to a lower oxidation state and reform following oxidation, which leads to a reversible and localized swellingcontraction. By choosing biocompatible components and miniaturization designs, the system has potential in microrobotic and biomedical a… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…In contrast, the iron(III) cation is a typical example of a "hard" metal cation that preferentially binds oxygen atoms in negatively charged ligands such as carboxylate, phenolate, or hydroxamate groups [52]. This difference in coordination chemistry of iron(III) and iron(II) cations has been previously utilized for speciation of iron(II) and iron(III) cations in solution, for preparation of molecular switches [53], and for mechanical actuation of hydrogels [54]. Iron(III) cations form stable alginate hydrogels [55] that have been successfully used as a support for growth of cell cultures [56,57].…”
Section: Open Accessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, the iron(III) cation is a typical example of a "hard" metal cation that preferentially binds oxygen atoms in negatively charged ligands such as carboxylate, phenolate, or hydroxamate groups [52]. This difference in coordination chemistry of iron(III) and iron(II) cations has been previously utilized for speciation of iron(II) and iron(III) cations in solution, for preparation of molecular switches [53], and for mechanical actuation of hydrogels [54]. Iron(III) cations form stable alginate hydrogels [55] that have been successfully used as a support for growth of cell cultures [56,57].…”
Section: Open Accessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The number of cross-links, and therefore the degree of water swelling, is controlled by the length of radiation exposure time. A second method requires the introduction of a carboxylic acid substituent function (structure 22) or the two substituents shown in structure 23 [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. The presence of the carboxylic acidic function in 22 or 23 means that hydrogels expand in basic media (e.g., dilute sodium hydroxide) but contract in acidic media, due to the charge repulsion between the protons in solution and the protonated carboxylic acid groups.…”
Section: Water-soluble Polymers Hydrogels and Responsive Membranesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes are chemically stable, excellent proton conductors and have good mechanical properties. Rubbery polyphosphazenes membranes are flexible and elastic; therefore, they are used when gas permeability is required [66]. Aryloxyphosphazenes are used for separation of liquids from gases.…”
Section: Membranesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…a film shape; cross-linked polymers are required for this purpose. Alternatively, first cross-linked polymers are prepared and then combined with functional group [66,67].…”
Section: Membranesmentioning
confidence: 99%