A Reduced Ratio of Dietary Carbohydrate to Protein Improves Body Composition and Blood Lipid Profiles during Weight Loss in Adult Women

Layman, Donald K.; Boileau, R. A.; Erickson, Donna J.; Painter, James; Shiue, Harn; Sather, Carl; Christou, D.

doi:10.1093/jn/133.2.411

Cited by 468 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…High-protein (HP) diets have been shown to cause weight loss by inducing longer postprandial satiety and increase dietary thermogenesis that led to a lower subsequent energy intake (Johnston et al, 2002;Halton and Hu, 2004). In obese and diabetic individuals, a higher utilization of fat reserves and improved glucose homeostasis was reported while subjected to diets containing higher protein contents (Farnsworth et al, 2003;Layman et al, 2003). Similar results were obtained in rats fed HP diets with reduced carbohydrate content (Jean et al, 2001; -E-mail: metges@fbn-dummerstorf.de Lacroix et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

High-protein diet during gestation and lactation affects mammary gland mRNA abundance, milk composition and pre-weaning litter growth in mice

Kucia

Langhammer

Görs

et al. 2011

Animal

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We evaluated the effect of a high-protein diet (HP) on pregnancy, lactational and rearing success in mice. At the time of mating, females were randomly assigned to isoenergetic diets with HP (40% w/w) or control protein levels (C; 20%). After parturition, half of the dams were fed the other diet throughout lactation resulting in four dietary groups: CC (C diet during gestation and lactation), CHP (C diet during gestation and HP diet during lactation), HPC (HP diet during gestation and C diet during lactation) and HPHP (HP diet during gestation and lactation). Maternal and offspring body mass was monitored. Measurements of maternal mammary gland (MG), kidney and abdominal fat pad masses, MG histology and MG mRNA abundance, as well as milk composition were taken at selected time points. HP diet decreased abdominal fat and increased kidney mass of lactating dams. Litter mass at birth was lower in HP than in C dams (14.8 v. 16.8 g). Dams fed an HP diet during lactation showed 5% less food intake (10.4 v. 10.9 g/day) and lower body and MG mass. On day 14 of lactation, the proportion of MG parenchyma was lower in dams fed an HP diet during gestation as compared to dams fed a C diet (64.8% v. 75.8%). Abundance of MG a-lactalbumin, b-casein, whey acidic protein, xanthine oxidoreductase mRNA at mid-lactation was decreased in all groups receiving an HP diet either during gestation and/or lactation. Milk lactose content was lower in dams fed an HP diet during lactation compared to dams fed a C diet (1.6% v. 2.0%). On days 14, 18 and 21 of lactation total litter mass was lower in litters of dams fed an HP diet during lactation, and the pups' relative kidney mass was greater than in litters suckled by dams receiving a C diet. These findings indicate that excess protein intake in reproducing mice has adverse effects on offspring early in their postnatal growth as a consequence of impaired lactational function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

High-protein diet during gestation and lactation affects mammary gland mRNA abundance, milk composition and pre-weaning litter growth in mice

Kucia

Langhammer

Görs

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…15 Smaller lean mass losses are observed following energy-controlled, high-protein (HP) weight loss diets. 14,16 It is unclear whether these outcomes are affected by the source of protein. The impact of HP diets on other safety markers requires demonstration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults

2005

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OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects two high-protein (HP) diets that differ in dietary calcium and protein source on weight loss, body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, markers of liver function, fibrinolysis and endothelial function and blood pressure. DESIGN: Randomized, parallel study (12 wk of energy restriction, 4 wk of energy balance) of high dairy protein/high-calcium (DP, 2400 mg Ca/d) and high mixed protein/moderate calcium (MP, 500 mg Ca/d) diets (5.5 MJ/d, 34% protein, 41% carbohydrate, 24% fat). SUBJECTS: In all, 50 healthy, overweight (age 25-64 y; body mass index 25-35 kg/m 2 ;) males (n ¼ 20) and females (n ¼ 30). RESULTS: Loss of total weight (À9.773.8 kg), fat mass (À8.370.4 kg) and lean mass (À1.670.3 kg) were independent of dietary group. Improvements in fasting insulin, lipids, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and markers of liver function, fibrinolysis and endothelial function were independent of dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Increased dietary calcium/dairy foods in an energy-restricted, HP diet does not affect weight loss or body composition. Weight reduction following increased protein diets is associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes that are not affected by protein source.

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“…Several short-term, randomised, controlled studies (≤6 months duration) have shown that the replacement of some dietary carbohydrate with protein in low-fat diets (≤30%) enhances weight loss [7], is associated with favourable changes in body composition [7,8,9] and exerts beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, including insulin sensitivity [8], glycaemic control [10,11] and lipid profile [8,9,12]. While these diets may offer modest short-term metabolic advantages, to date, there are no long-term clinical trials of their long-term efficacy, safety and acceptability compared to conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets in persons with Type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis. This study compared the long-term weight loss and health outcomes at 1-year follow-up, after a 12-week intensive intervention consisting of two low-fat, weight-loss diets, which differed in protein content. Methods. We randomly assigned 66 obese patients (BMI: 27-40 kg/m 2 ) with Type 2 diabetes to either a low-protein (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate) or high-protein diet (30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks of energy restriction (~6.7 MJ/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance. Subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern for a further 12 months of follow-up. Results. The study was completed by 38 of the subjects, with equal dropouts in each group. At Week 64, weight reductions against baseline were −2.2±1.1 kg (low protein) and −3.7±1.0 kg (high protein), p<0.01, with no diet effect. Fat mass was not different from baseline in either group. At Week 12, both diets reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6 and 3 mm Hg respectively, but blood pressure increased more with weight regain during follow-up in the lowprotein group (p≤0.04). At Week 64, both diets significantly increased HDL cholesterol and lowered C-reactive protein concentrations. There was no difference in the urinary urea : creatinine ratio at baseline between the two groups, but this ratio increased at Week 12 (in the high-protein group only, p<0.001, diet effect), remaining stable during follow-up in both diets. Conclusions/interpretation. A high-protein weightreduction diet may in the long term have a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile than a lowprotein diet with similar weight reduction in people with Type 2 diabetes.

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A Reduced Ratio of Dietary Carbohydrate to Protein Improves Body Composition and Blood Lipid Profiles during Weight Loss in Adult Women

Cited by 468 publications

References 36 publications

High-protein diet during gestation and lactation affects mammary gland mRNA abundance, milk composition and pre-weaning litter growth in mice

High-protein diet during gestation and lactation affects mammary gland mRNA abundance, milk composition and pre-weaning litter growth in mice

Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

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