A reevaluation of estrogen status in postmenopausal women who smoke

Cassidenti, Denise L.; Pike, Malcolm C.; Vijod, Ariel G.; Stanczyk, Frank Z.; Løbo, Rogerio A.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(92)91617-j

Cited by 53 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…42 Estrogenic activity is thought to promote thyroid carcinogenesis. Although estrogen levels do not seem to be different between smokers and non-smokers, [43][44][45] smoking may decrease the bioavailability of estrogens at target tissues. 6,[46][47][48] Radiation exposure is considered to induce initial damage while hormonal changes due to smoking may be involved in a later stage of carcinogenesis, suggesting a possible multiplicative interaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A Case-control Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Examining Non-radiation Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Nagano

Mabuchi

Yoshimoto³

et al. 2007

Journal of Epidemiology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A Case-control Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Examining Non-radiation Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Nagano

Mabuchi

Yoshimoto³

et al. 2007

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…The reasons why smoking could increase bone loss include impaired bone formation (Riebel et al, 1995), decreased calcium absorption (Dawson-Hughes et al, 1990;Krall & Dawson-Hughes, 1991) and earlier postmenopausal bone loss (Baron et al, 1995). A possible anti-estrogenic effect of smoking is biologically plausible (Michnovicz et al, 1986) but has not been demonstrated (Cassidenti et al, 1992;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, dietary calcium and vitamin D deficiency in women: a population-based study

2000

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Objective: To determine differences in dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes between female never, former and current smokers. Design: Population-based survey using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Setting: The Bus Sante Â 2000, epidemiologic observatory of Geneva, Switzerland. Subjects: 2319 women resident in Geneva, Switzerland between 1993 and 1997. Results: Daily calcium intake was 798 mg among current heavy smokers ( 20 cigarettesaday), 882 mg among current moderate smokers (1 ± 19 cigarettesaday) and 945 mg among never smokers (P 0.0001). There was a difference of almost 50 mgaday in median calcium intake from cheese (P 0.04), which corresponded to about one-third of the total difference in calcium intake between heavy smokers and never smokers. Of the current heavy smokers, 21% did not eat yogurt compared to 10% of never smokers (P 0.001). Among yogurt eaters, heavy smokers consumed 90 mgaday of calcium from yogurt vs 115 mgaday in never smokers (P 0.003). Smokers ate more butter and cream (P 0.02) or milk (P 0.06) than never smokers, but these were minor sources of calcium. Fish was the main cause of higher intake of vitamin D in never smokers (0.81 mgaday) compared with heavy smokers (0.53 mgaday) and moderate smokers (0.70 mgaday). The diet of ex-smokers after 5 y or more of smoking cessation tended to resemble that of never smokers for calcium (about 900 mgaday) and vitamin D (about 2.55 mgaday). Conclusion: Female current smokers have lower dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D than never smokers. Sponsorship: This study was funded by the Swiss National Fund for Scienti®c Research (grants 32.31.326.91,).

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“…Plasma levels of A, E1 and E2 were measured by radioimmunoassays previously validated in our laboratory Ethnic differences in post-menopausal plasma oestrogen levels: high oestrone levels in Japanese-American women despite low weight (Goebelsmann et al, 1973(Goebelsmann et al, , 1979Stanczyk et al, 1988;Cassidenti et al, 1992). Prior to quantification, the hormones were first extracted with hexane:ethyl acetate (3:2) and then separated from interfering metabolites by use of Celite column partition chromatography.…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in post-menopausal plasma oestrogen levels: high oestrone levels in Japanese-American women despite low weight

et al. 2000

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Until recently women in Japan were at very low risk of breast cancer (Ursin et al, 1994), particularly in the post-menopausal period when age-specific breast cancer rates remained essentially constant in contrast to the rates in the USA which continue to steadily increase in the post-menopausal period . Studies of plasma oestrogen concentrations in 'traditional' Asians (living in Asia) compared with Whites have found lower concentrations in the Asians (Goldin et al, 1986;Key et al, 1990;Shimizu et al, 1990). In particular, a study of post-menopausal Japanese women in Miyagi and non-Latina White women in Southern California found a 32% lower level of plasma oestrone (E1) and a 27% lower level of plasma oestradiol (E2) in the Japanese women (Shimizu et al, 1990).Breast cancer incidence rates in Japanese-American women now approach those of non-Latina White women (Ziegler et al, 1993). We therefore investigated whether post-menopausal plasma oestrogen and androstenedione (A; precursor of E1) levels in Japanese-American women were accordingly similar to those in (non-Latina) White women. The main comparison group was White women, as this group had been used as the comparison group in previous studies. We also included African-American women and Latina women to further our understanding of possible ethnic differences in estrogen metabolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS SubjectsSubjects are part of a multi-ethnic cohort with an emphasis on studying diet and lifestyle characteristics in the aetiology of cancer. Details of this study are described elsewhere . The cohort included 215 251 subjects aged 40-75 years from Hawaii and Los Angeles county. These subjects had responded to a questionnaire mailed between 1993 and 1996. The response rates to the questionnaire were 25.5% in AfricanAmericans, 51.3% in Japanese-Americans, 21.3% in Latinas and 47.0% in Whites. The distributions of educational level and marital status of the cohort broadly resemble those reported by the US Census.Blood was collected from a random sample of healthy cohort members after receipt of informed consent. Participation in the blood collection phase has been over 70% in all ethnic groups. Eligible controls for this analysis included women who selfreported no history of cancer and in addition must either have experienced a natural menopause, or had both ovaries removed, or had a simple hysterectomy and be at least 55 years of age. Women who reported any hormone use in the 2 weeks before the blood draw were excluded. Sixty-six African-Americans, 30 JapaneseAmericans, 58 Latinas and 39 Whites were included in the study. Characteristics of these subjects are described in Table 1. Laboratory methodsPlasma aliquots from study subjects were stored in liquid nitrogen until analysis. Plasma levels of A, E1 and E2 were measured by radioimmunoassays previously validated in our laboratory Ethnic differences in post-menopausal plasma oestrogen levels: high oestrone levels in Japanese-American women despite low weight Summary Breast cancer incidence in Japanese-America...

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A reevaluation of estrogen status in postmenopausal women who smoke

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

A Case-control Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Examining Non-radiation Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

A Case-control Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Examining Non-radiation Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer

Smoking, dietary calcium and vitamin D deficiency in women: a population-based study

Ethnic differences in post-menopausal plasma oestrogen levels: high oestrone levels in Japanese-American women despite low weight

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