A Reexamination of Smoking Before, During, and After Pregnancy

Kahn, Robert S.; Certain, Laura; Whitaker, Robert C.

doi:10.2105/ajph.92.11.1801

Cited by 190 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Two reports used data from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991) to assess the relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms in mothers at two time points, approximately 17 and 35 months after delivery (Leiferman, 2002, Kahn et al, 2002. At each time point, the odds of smoking were 20% greater among mothers who had significant depressive symptoms (scores ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale).…”

Section: Comparisons To Prior Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this association during the postpartum period has received much less attention. Following delivery there is an elevated risk for both depression (Cooper and Murray, 1998) and the relapse of smoking (Kahn et al, 2002). Furthermore, infants are particularly vulnerable to the impact of both these maternal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, infants are particularly vulnerable to the impact of both these maternal conditions. The few previous reports that have examined the association between smoking and depression in mothers with young children have assessed depressive symptoms rather than major depressive disorder (Leiferman, 2002, Kavanaugh et al, 2005, Kahn et al, 2002, Kahn et al, 1999. Other limitations of these studies include convenience sampling (Kahn et al, 1999) or low response rates (Kavanaugh et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The co-occurrence of smoking and a major depressive episode among mothers 15 months after delivery

Whitaker

Orzol

Kahn

2007

Preventive Medicine

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Objective-To examine the association between maternal smoking 15 months after delivery and the occurrence of a major depressive episode in the prior 12 months.Methods-Data were obtained from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort study. In 20 U.S. cities, 4,898 mothers were surveyed at delivery in the years 1998 to 2000. In a survey 15 months later, 4,353 (89%) of the mothers reported their smoking behavior and symptoms of a major depressive episode during the prior 12-months.Results-At the follow-up survey, 26.6% of mothers reported that they were current smokers and 13.6 % reported that they had symptoms of a major depressive episode during the prior 12 months. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, the prevalence (95% confidence interval) of a major depressive episode was higher among smokers than nonsmokers: 17.7% (15.7%, 19.8%) vs. 12.1% (10.9%, 13.3%). Smoking was also more common among mothers with a major depressive episode than in those without one: 34.0% (30.6%, 37.4%) vs. 25.5% (24.1%, 26.8%). Conclusion-Smokingand depression often co-occur among mothers with infants. This suggests that these conditions should not be diagnosed or treated in isolation from each other and that the care of mothers and children should be integrated.Precis-Among 4,353 mothers assessed 15 months after delivery, the prevalence of depression was 46% higher among smokers and the prevalence of smoking was 33% higher among those with depression.

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Section: Comparisons To Prior Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The co-occurrence of smoking and a major depressive episode among mothers 15 months after delivery

Whitaker

Orzol

Kahn

2007

Preventive Medicine

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“…We cannot ascertain whether the conditions were persistent or recurrent; nevertheless, clinical efforts that focus simply on prenatal interventions for maternal smoking, or postpartum interventions for maternal depression, do not reflect the continuing relevance of these conditions before, during, and after pregnancy. 54 Further, failing to account for the persistence or duration of a child's exposure may underestimate the impact on the child of these maternal health conditions.…”

Section: Ses Maternal Health and Child Behavior Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Health Disparities: Socioeconomic Status, Women's Health Conditions, and Child Behavior Problems

2005

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SYNOPSISObjective. Relatively little is known about the intergenerational mechanisms that lead to social disparities in child health. We examined whether the association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and child behavior problems is mediated by maternal health conditions and behavior.Methods. Prospective cohort data (1979-1998) on 2,677 children and their mothers were obtained from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. SES, the Child Behavior Problems Index (BPI), and maternal smoking, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use before, during, and after pregnancy were examined.Results. Lower income and lower maternal education were associated with increased child BPI scores. Adjustment for maternal smoking, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use attenuated the associations between SES and child BPI by 26% to 49%. These maternal health conditions often occurred together, persisted over time, and were associated with the mother's own childhood SES and pre-pregnancy health.Conclusions. Social disparities in women's health conditions may help shape the likelihood of behavior problems in the subsequent generation. Improved public health programs and services for disadvantaged women across the lifecourse may not only address their own urgent health needs, but reduce social disparities in the health and well-being of their children.

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“…Further, few studies have examined factors related to the cessation of marijuana use (Chen & Kandel, 1998). There is some evidence in the substance use literature that suggests one spouse may affect the other's alcohol (Leonard & Das Eiden, 1999) or tobacco use (Kahn, Certain, & Whitaker, 2002), but far less is available when considering spousal influence on marijuana use. Some that have considered marijuana use among marital couples have considered couples who have been married for several years (e.g., Yamaguchi & Kandel, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Marijuana use over the Transition into Marriage

Leonard

Homish²

2005

Journal of Drug Issues

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Reductions in substance use tend to coincide with marriage, as both may occur during emerging adulthood. During the transition to marriage, it is possible that one's spouse may be the influence that causes the reduction in substance use. Data on participants (N = 471 couples) for this report are taken from a longitudinal study of early marriage. The objective of the current analysis is to determine if having a spouse who uses marijuana is associated with a greater likelihood of one's own use. Additionally, we are interested in spousal influence and cessation. The findings support spousal influence. Husbands are more likely to start using marijuana if their wives use marijuana, but the reverse is not true. Husbands also are more likely to stop using if their spouses do not use. During the transition into marriage, the drug use of one spouse does affect the other. However, this influence appears to be unidirectional, with wives influencing their husbands more often.

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A Reexamination of Smoking Before, During, and After Pregnancy

Abstract: The period of pregnancy and early parenthood is associated with worsening education-related disparities in smoking as well as substantial clustering of risk factors. These observations could influence the targeting and design of maternal smoking interventions.

Cited by 190 publications

References 53 publications

The co-occurrence of smoking and a major depressive episode among mothers 15 months after delivery

The co-occurrence of smoking and a major depressive episode among mothers 15 months after delivery

Intergenerational Health Disparities: Socioeconomic Status, Women's Health Conditions, and Child Behavior Problems

Changes in Marijuana use over the Transition into Marriage

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