A reexamination of the existence of environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: evidence from G20 countries

Luo, Guangyu; Weng, Jia-Hsi; Zhang, Qianxue; Hao, Yu

doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2618-0

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We conclude that the EKC hypothesis was applicable to the G20 during the period of study. This conclusion is consistent with the findings of [18][19][20]41] and against those of [21,22]. An interesting finding is the link between EKC curve, LPI, and HDI turning points in relation with CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

Alotaibi

Alajlan

2021

Sustainability

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Numerous studies addressed the impacts of social development and economic growth on the environment. This paper presents a study about the inclusive impact of social and economic factors on the environment by analyzing the association between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and two socioeconomic indicators, namely, Human Development Index (HDI) and Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI), under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. To this end, we developed a two-stage methodology. At first, a multivariate model was constructed that accurately explains CO2 emissions by selecting the appropriate set of control variables based on model quality statistics. The control variables include GDP per capita, urbanization, fossil fuel consumption, and trade openness. Then, quantile regression was used to empirically analyze the inclusive relationship between CO2 emissions and the socioeconomic indicators, which revealed many interesting results. First, decreasing CO2 emissions was coupled with inclusive socioeconomic development. Both LPI and HDI had a negative marginal relationship with CO2 emissions at quantiles from 0.2 to 1. Second, the EKC hypothesis was valid for G20 countries during the study period with an inflection point around quantile 0.15. Third, the fossil fuel consumption had a significant positive relation with CO2 emissions, whereas urbanization and trade openness had a negative relation during the study period. Finally, this study empirically indicates that effective policies and policy coordination on broad social, living, and economic dimensions can lead to reductions in CO2 emissions while preserving inclusive growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

Alotaibi

Alajlan

2021

Sustainability

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“…Moreover, further research from Ahmad et al ( 2019 ) showed that in China’s construction sector, it concluded the EKC hypothesis and played a significant role in increasing GHG emissions. EKC research with industrial sector proxies (including manufacturing) was carried out among others by Asghar et al ( 2019 ) in 13 Asian countries; Hao et al ( 2016 ) in China; Luo et al ( 2017 ) in G20 countries; and Nguyen et al ( 2019b ) in emerging economies. In all of these publications, it was concluded that the industry has positive effects on GHG emissions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

How agriculture, manufacture, and urbanization induced carbon emission? The case of Indonesia

Prastiyo

Irham

Hardyastuti

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

121

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The agriculture and manufacturing sectors are the backbones of the Indonesian economy; for this reason, research on the effects of these sectors on carbon emissions is an important subject. This work adds urbanization to enrich research on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the EKC hypothesis was confirmed in Indonesia with a turning point of 2057.89 USD/capita. The research results show that all variables affect the escalation of greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia. Furthermore, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between emissions with economic growth, emissions with agricultural sector, emissions with manufacturing sector, economic growth with agricultural sector, and economic growth with manufacturing. The unidirectional causality is found in emissions by urbanization and economic growth by urbanization. To reduce the impact of environmental damage caused by the activities of agriculture, manufacturing, and urbanization sectors, it is recommended that the government conduct water-efficient rice cultivation and increase the use of renewable energy.

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“…It should be noted, however, that economic development also causes greenhouse gas emissions, which has led some researchers to include environmental indicators in the causal relationship analysis mentioned above [16][17][18]. Some researchers have studied the correlation between GDP or GDP per capita with GHG [19][20][21]. The correlation between economic growth, energy intensity and CO 2 reduction was studied [22], demonstrating a positive impact on the standard of living [23].…”

Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For European countries, we found quite few such studies. For Spain, the relations between per capita CO 2 emissions and per capita income was studied, and an inverted U-shaped form was obtained using cointegration and a non-inverted U-shape as methodologies for instability tests [49]; the relationship between GHG emissions and GDP was considered as the main variable of climate change, and the environmental Kuznets curve was analyzed for the relationship between greenhouse gases and the main aspects of economic development on panel data of groups of countries in the EU [50,51]; the impact of agro-economic factors on GHG emissions in Southeastern Europe was analyzed in comparison to advanced European economies, confirming the EKC hypothesis, which is an inverted U-shaped relation between per capita GDP and carbon dioxide emissions [52]; the effects of renewable energy and non-renewable energy, real income and trade openness on CO 2 emissions for EU countries were analyzed, obtaining different shapes for the EKC curve [53]; the Kuznets hypothesis was examined for the G20 group by introducing other variables-trade openness, the ratio of secondary industry value-added to GDP and population density-and concluded that the hypothesis was verified for developing countries and failed for developed countries [21]; the relationship between economic growth, greenhouse gas emissions, energy taxes and R&D was investigated based on panel data of 22 countries of the EU [54]; and it was demonstrated that the GHG-GDP relationship in terms of sustainable agricultural production in EU countries looks rather like an N-shaped curve [55]. As a result of the analyzes performed, statistical evidence in favor of the existence of an EKC for CO 2 emissions per capita in relation to GDP per capita was not found for 16 EU countries [16].…”

Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Economic Growth and Energy Consumption on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Testing Environmental Curves Hypotheses on EU Countries

2018

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This study analyses the relationship between per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, gross domestic product, gross inland energy consumption, and renewable energy consumption for a panel of 28 countries of European Union in the period 1990–2016. Two theoretical models, a quadratic and a cubic one, are used to estimate the shape of the environmental curve and to test the Kuznets hypothesis. The panel cointegration approach proved the existence of long-run equilibrium relations among the four macroeconomic indicators. Empirical estimations, using panel data techniques, as well as heterogeneous regression for each individual country in the panel, show non-conclusive evidence for the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The least square estimates, with the variables in log per capita form, reveal that the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis is verified for the panel and for 17 of the 28 EU countries. Estimates of the cubic model show that the environmental curve has an inverted N-shaped form. These results do not hold when the values are in non-logarithmic form. In addition, the estimations for all models show that an increase of gross energy consumption leads to an increase of GHGs, while an increase of renewable energy consumption leads to a reduction in GHG emissions.

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A reexamination of the existence of environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: evidence from G20 countries

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

How agriculture, manufacture, and urbanization induced carbon emission? The case of Indonesia

Impact of Economic Growth and Energy Consumption on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Testing Environmental Curves Hypotheses on EU Countries

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