A regional gradient of cardiac intrinsic rhythmicity depicted in embryonic cultured multiple hearts

Sakai, Tetsuro; Yada, Toshihiko; Hirota, Akihiko; Komuro, Hitoshi; Kamino, Kohtaro

doi:10.1007/s004240050747

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…This process can be considered as "selforganization", and also as a process of emergence of an ordered functional structure [2]. We have pointed out that the organization of the cardiac pacemaking area during the ontogenetic development can be regarded as an example of functional self-organization [11]. A definitive conclusion requires further studies.…”

Section: In Vitro Model Of Macro Reentrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Optical mapping of the spread of excitation in the isolated rat atrium during tachycardia-like excitation

Sakai

2003

Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology

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Multiple-site optical recording of membrane potential activity, using the voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dye NK2761 and a multiple-element photodiode array, was employed to monitor action potentials in an isolated rat atrial preparation. The events of tachycardia-like excitation (TE) were evoked by electrical stimulation. The conduction pattern of excitation was assessed optically by timing the feet of optical action potentials, then maps of excitation spread patterns were made. The excitatory waves often rotated around the blocked area including the ostium of the superior vena cava. Other patterns, such as reentry without anatomical obstacles, ectopic pacemaker and more complex patterns, were sometimes observed. Optical mapping during the initiation phase of TE indicated that the decrease of the conduction velocity and the appearance of blocked areas contributed the establishment of TE. On the basis of the characteristics of TE, it is suggested that TE is a metastable state of atrial rhythm. TE appears to be analogous to atrial flutter.

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Section: In Vitro Model Of Macro Reentrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Optical mapping of the spread of excitation in the isolated rat atrium during tachycardia-like excitation

Sakai

2003

Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology

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“…Studies of the early electrical activity of the heart in the 1970s and early 1980s showed that cardiomyocytes exhibit small patterns of electrical activity before they contract [ 35 , 36 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 ]. The TTX receptor and the fast Na + channel machinery have been shown to exist even when APs are insensitive to TTX (3 day old embryos, HH stage 20) [ 152 ].…”

Section: Electrodes and Application To Study Cardiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Electrophysiology of the Developing Heart

Watanabe

Rollins

Polo‐Parada

et al. 2016

JCDD

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Many diseases that result in dysfunction and dysmorphology of the heart originate in the embryo. However, the embryonic heart presents a challenging subject for study: especially challenging is its electrophysiology. Electrophysiological maturation of the embryonic heart without disturbing its physiological function requires the creation and deployment of novel technologies along with the use of classical techniques on a range of animal models. Each tool has its strengths and limitations and has contributed to making key discoveries to expand our understanding of cardiac development. Further progress in understanding the mechanisms that regulate the normal and abnormal development of the electrophysiology of the heart requires integration of this functional information with the more extensively elucidated structural and molecular changes.

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“…To establish this concept, we have been carrying out a series of experiments that use congenital and experimentally produced embryonic chick double-hearts at the prebeating stages or just after the onset of beating, and we demonstrated the left-side dominance of pacemaking activity during these stages [90][91][92]. Recently, we further demonstrated a cephalo-caudal gradient with caudal dominance of pacemaker activity by using cultured embryonic chick multiple-hearts produced by microsurgical techniques [93].…”

Section: Early Embryonic Heartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Mapping Approaches to Cardiac Electrophysiological Functions.

Sakai

Kamino²

2001

JJP

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Electrophysiology has been one of the most important strategies in cardiac physiology since the mid19th century [1]. The methodology in this field has been improved with the development of electronics, and quite sophisticated techniques using extracellular electrodes, intracellular microelectrodes, and patch electrodes are now widely used. Recently, optical methods for monitoring membrane potential with fast voltage-sensitive dyes were introduced as a new powerful tool for studying cardiac electrical functions. In this article, optical studies of the electrophysiological function of the vertebrate heart are reviewed. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF OPTICAL METHODS FOR MONITORING ELECTRICAL ACTIVITYIn 1968, changes in intrinsic light scattering, in birefringence, and in extrinsic 8-anilino-naphtalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) fluorescence associated with an action potential in the squid giant axon were first reported by Cohen et al. [2] and by Tasaki et al. [3]. At first these experiments were carried out to learn about conformation and/or structural changes that might occur during nerve excitation: it was hoped that the observed optical changes might be related to some molecular mechanism(s) of electrical excitation [4]. In additional experiments, however, Cohen, Salzberg, and co-workers indicated that fluorescent changes depended on changes in transmembrane potential [5], and they soon suggested that optical methods might be used for monitoring membrane potential in cells or cellular processes not accessible to microelectrodes [6,7]. Key words: voltage-sensitive dye, optical recording, electrical activity, heart. Abstract:Recently, optical methods for monitoring membrane potential with fast voltage-sensitive dyes have been introduced as a powerful tool for studying cardiac electrical functions. These methods offer two principal advantages over more conventional electrophysiological techniques. One is that optical recordings may be made from very small cells that are inaccessible to microelectrode impalement, and the other is that multiple sites/regions of a preparation can be monitored simultaneously to provide spatially resolved mapping of electrical activity. The former has made it possible to record spontaneous electrical activities in early embryonic precontractile hearts, and the latter has been applied for mapping of the propagation patterns of electrical activities in the cardiac tissue. In this article, optical studies of the electrophysiological function of the vertebrate heart are reviewed.

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A regional gradient of cardiac intrinsic rhythmicity depicted in embryonic cultured multiple hearts

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Optical mapping of the spread of excitation in the isolated rat atrium during tachycardia-like excitation

Optical mapping of the spread of excitation in the isolated rat atrium during tachycardia-like excitation

Probing the Electrophysiology of the Developing Heart

Optical Mapping Approaches to Cardiac Electrophysiological Functions.

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