“…Because of large spatial-temporal heterogeneities in the lower atmosphere, these empirical models can easily result in residual tropospheric errors that are several centimeters at the zenith and are highly variable between different seasons and regions [2]. Recently, many regional GPS networks have been constructed, therefore, there are many regional tropospheric model were constructed using precise tropospheric data from reference stations [1,3,4]. Song et al [5] established a new tropospheric delay model over China (named the SHAO-C model).…”