A Registry-Based Twin Study of Depression in Men

Lyons, Michael J.; Eisen, Seth A.; Goldberg, Jack; True, William R.; Lin, Nong; Meyer, Joanne M.; Toomey, Rosemary; Faraone, Stephen V.; Merla-Ramos, Mary; Tsuang, Ming T.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.5.468

Cited by 171 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Family and twin studies have also examined subtypes of MDD that may confer greater familial risk (Smoller and Perlis, 2004). In particular, increased familial recurrence risk and heritability have been associated with earlier-onset and recurrent depression (Bland et al, 1986;Kendler et al, 1999aKendler et al, , 2005Weissman et al, 1984) as well as greater depression severity or impairment (Klein et al, 2002;Lyons et al, 1998), though these findings have not been universally observed.…”

Section: Family and Twin Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders

Smoller

2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

378

243

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Research into the causes of psychopathology has largely focused on two broad etiologic factors: genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. An important role for familial/heritable factors in the etiology of a broad range of psychiatric disorders was established well before the modern era of genomic research. This review focuses on the genetic basis of three disorder categories-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and the anxiety disorders-for which environmental stressors and stress responses are understood to be central to pathogenesis. Each of these disorders aggregates in families and is moderately heritable. More recently, molecular genetic approaches, including genome-wide studies of genetic variation, have been applied to identify specific risk variants. In this review, I summarize evidence for genetic contributions to PTSD, MDD, and the anxiety disorders including genetic epidemiology, the role of common genetic variation, the role of rare and structural variation, and the role of gene-environment interaction. Available data suggest that stress-related disorders are highly complex and polygenic and, despite substantial progress in other areas of psychiatric genetics, few risk loci have been identified for these disorders. Progress in this area will likely require analysis of much larger sample sizes than have been reported to date. The phenotypic complexity and genetic overlap among these disorders present further challenges. The review concludes with a discussion of prospects for clinical translation of genetic findings and future directions for research.

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Section: Family and Twin Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders

Smoller

2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

378

243

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“…Behavior genetic research has also pointed to differences between men and women in the pattern of genetic and environmental influence on depression. The literature suggests that depression may be more heritable in boys than in girls (Eley and Stevenson 1999;Eaves et al 1997;Murray and Sines 1996); equally heritable in male and female adults (Sullivan, Neale, and Kendler 2000;Kendler and Prescott 1999;Kendler et al 1995;Lyons et al 1998); and, among the elderly, more heritable in men than in women (Jansson et al 2004). While the debate over the nuances of gender differences is ongoing, there is no doubt that differences exist.…”

Section: Gender and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Internally Directed Aggression: Genetic and Environmental Contributions

Haddad

Reiss

Spotts

et al. 2008

J Am Psychoanal Assoc

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This study uses behavior genetic (BG) methodology to investigate Freud's theory of depression as aggression directed toward the self (1930) and the extent to which genetically and environmentally influenced aggressive tendencies contribute to depressive symptoms. Data from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden (TOSS) is used to demonstrate how, in estimating shared and unique environmental influences, BG methods can inform psychoanalytic theory and practice, particularly because of their shared emphasis on the importance of individual experience in development. The TOSS sample consists of 909 pairs of adult twins, their partners, and one adolescent child per couple. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Radloff 1977) was used to measure depressive symptoms and the Karolinska Scales of Personality (Schalling and Edman 1993) to measure internally directed aggression. Genetic analyses indicated that for both men and women, their unique experiences as well as genetic factors contributed equally to the association between internally directed aggression and depressive symptoms. These findings support Freud's theory that constitutionally based differences in aggression, along with individual experiences, contribute to a person's depressive symptoms. Establishing that an individual's unique, not shared, experiences and perceptions contribute to depressive symptoms and internally directed aggression reinforces the use of patient-specific treatment approaches implemented in psychoanalytic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis.Freud's theory of depression as aggression directed inward (1930), while considered by many to be a basic tenet of psychoanalytic theory, lacks strong empirical validation. The absence of such validation is due, in part, to the psychoanalytic tradition of assessing

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“…[7][8][9] On the other hand, twin studies consistently have supported genetic effects in the development of depression. [10][11][12][13][14] A population-based sample of twins from Virginia showed modest genetic influence (heritability 39%-42%) 11,14 on the development of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder. A similar finding was seen in a sample of male twins recruited from members of the military during the Vietnam War era (heritability 36%).…”

Section: Arch Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Depressive Disorder in a Community-Based Twin Sample: Are There Different Genetic and Environmental Contributions for Men and Women?

Bierut

Heath

Bucholz

et al. 1999

Archives of General Psychiatry

221

129

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Background: Depression affects more women than men and often aggregates in families. Using a communitybased sample of twins, we examined the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the risk of developing major depressive disorder and the effect of sex and different definitions of depression on the relative contributions of genetic and environmental effects. Sex differences in genetic effects were also studied.

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A Registry-Based Twin Study of Depression in Men

Cited by 171 publications

References 25 publications

The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders

The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders

Depression and Internally Directed Aggression: Genetic and Environmental Contributions

Major Depressive Disorder in a Community-Based Twin Sample: Are There Different Genetic and Environmental Contributions for Men and Women?

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