A Relation Between Internuclear Distances and Bond Force Constants

Badger, Richard M.

doi:10.1063/1.1749433

Cited by 999 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These alteration was also accompanied by the increase of scale deposition which unvibrated experiment produced larger scale than unvibrated. The phenomenon shows the agreement to Badge Rule that the lower band indicates the reaction takes place in easier [23]. In the experiment with additive citric acid, more bands in the region 3,400 Cm-1 to 3,604 Cm -1 arised that assigned as O-H stretching.…”

Section: Ftir Analysissupporting

confidence: 76%

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CaSO₄Scale Formation on Vibrated Piping System in the Presence Citric Acid

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Vibration in many industries commonly generated by the operation mechanical equipment such as extruder, mixer, blower, compressor, turbine, generator etc. Vibration propagates into the floor and attacks the pipe around those mechanical equipment. In this paper, the influence of vibration in a pipe on the CaSO 4 scale formation was investigated to understand the effect of vibration on the kinetics, mass of scale, crystal phases and crystal polymorph. To generate vibration force, mechanical equipment was prepared consisted of electrical motor, crankshaft, connecting rod and a vibration table at where test pipe section mounted. Deposition rate increased significantly when the vibration affected to the system i.e. 0.5997 and 1.6705 gr/hr for vibration frequency 4.00 and 8.00 Hz. The addition 10.00 ppm of citric acid declined the deposition rate of 8 Hz experiment from 3.4599 gr/hr to 2.2865 gr/hr.

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Section: Ftir Analysissupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In the experiment with additive citric acid, more bands in the region 3,400 Cm-1 to 3,604 Cm -1 arised that assigned as O-H stretching. The arising peak indicated O-H stretching as the addition citric acid [23] which would be the reason of scale declination.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

CaSO₄Scale Formation on Vibrated Piping System in the Presence Citric Acid

et al. 2018

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“…2,[5][6][7][8] However, vibrational properties can also provide information on the energetics of structural changes, especially those involved in chemical reactions. The latter opportunity has been exploited less, because of the increasing technical difficulty of detecting frequencies below 200 cm −1 , which can be excited by thermal fluctuations and thus contribute to reaction activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic identification of reactive porphyrin motions

Barabanschikov

Demidov

Kubo

et al. 2011

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) reveals the vibrational dynamics of a Mössbauer probe nucleus. Here, 57 Fe NRVS measurements yield the complete spectrum of Fe vibrations in halide complexes of iron porphyrins. Iron porphine serves as a useful symmetric model for the more complex spectrum of asymmetric heme molecules that contribute to numerous essential biological processes. Quantitative comparison with the vibrational density of states (VDOS) predicted for the Fe atom by density functional theory calculations unambiguously identifies the correct sextet ground state in each case. These experimentally authenticated calculations then provide detailed normal mode descriptions for each observed vibration. All Fe-ligand vibrations are clearly identified despite the high symmetry of the Fe environment. Low frequency molecular distortions and acoustic lattice modes also contribute to the experimental signal. Correlation matrices compare vibrations between different molecules and yield a detailed picture of how heme vibrations evolve in response to (a) halide binding and (b) asymmetric placement of porphyrin side chains. The side chains strongly influence the energetics of heme doming motions that control Fe reactivity, which are easily observed in the experimental signal.

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“…was calculated according to the empirical rule of Badger: (18) on the rows of the periodic table containing the two atoms. The results of the calculation for some reactions involving sodium and halogen atoms are tabulated in Table 4 and compared with the experimental results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Research on Activation Energy. II. Some Applications of the Empirical Rule

Kume¹,

Otozai²

1951

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

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1. The empirical rule for the calculation of the activation energy previously proposed has been applied for some more complicated reactions. 2. For the addition reaction of halogen to ethylene the calculated values agree very well with the observed values, but for that of hydrogen the calculated value was somewhat greater than the observed. 3. For the atomic reactions involving sodium and halogen atoms the calculated values agree well with the observed under the appropriate assumptions. 4. The activation energies for the adsorption of hydrogen and ethylene on nickel have been calculated, and the initial rate of adsorption of ethylene calculated by the use of the obtained value of the activation energy was compared with the experimental value of Steacie and Stovel.

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A Relation Between Internuclear Distances and Bond Force Constants

Cited by 999 publications

References 6 publications

CaSO₄Scale Formation on Vibrated Piping System in the Presence Citric Acid

CaSO₄Scale Formation on Vibrated Piping System in the Presence Citric Acid

Spectroscopic identification of reactive porphyrin motions

Research on Activation Energy. II. Some Applications of the Empirical Rule

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A Relation Between Internuclear Distances and Bond Force Constants

Cited by 999 publications

References 6 publications

CaSO4Scale Formation on Vibrated Piping System in the Presence Citric Acid

CaSO4Scale Formation on Vibrated Piping System in the Presence Citric Acid

Spectroscopic identification of reactive porphyrin motions

Research on Activation Energy. II. Some Applications of the Empirical Rule

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Product

Resources

About

CaSO₄Scale Formation on Vibrated Piping System in the Presence Citric Acid

CaSO₄Scale Formation on Vibrated Piping System in the Presence Citric Acid