A relationship between agricultural NH3 emissions and the atmospheric SO2 content over industrial areas

Möller, Detlev; Schieferdecker, H.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(85)90056-3

Cited by 50 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Assuming (i) a typical daytime boundary layer height of 1000 m, (ii) chemical conversions to be confined to the lowest 50 m and (iii) an average NH 4 NO 3 concentration of 5 µg m −3 , this conversion rate equates to an average removal rate of 3×10 −6 to 3×10 −5 s −1 for the boundary layer (or an atmospheric residence time of 9 to 90 h), somewhat lower than the values of 1×10 −4 s −1 and 4×10 −5 s −1 proposed by Erisman et al (1988) for day and night-time conditions, respectively. For comparison, atmospheric life-times due to removal by dry deposition (τ V d ) may be approximated by the ratio of boundary-layer height and V d (Moeller and Schieferdecker, 1985;Sutton, 1990). Typical daytime values of τ V d at Elspeet would be 100 h for NH + 4 and 15 h for NH 3 .…”

Section: Dutch Heathland "Leende Heide" At Leende Heidementioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: II. Concentrations and surface exchange fluxes of atmospheric particles

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Size-dependent particle number fluxes measured by eddy-covariance (EC) and continuous fluxes of ammonium (NH -N dry deposition amounts to 20% of the dry input of NH 3 -N over the measurement period. These surface exchange fluxes are analyzed together with simultaneous gas-phase flux measurements for indications of gas-particle interactions. On warm afternoons the apparent fluxes of acids and aerosol above the heathland showed several coinciding anomalies, all of which are consistent with NH + 4 evaporation during deposition: (i) canopy resistances for HNO 3 and HCl of up to 100 s m −1 , (ii) simultaneous particle emission of small particles (D p <0.18 µm) and deposition of larger particles (D p >0.18 µm), (iii) NH + 4 deposition faster than derived from size-distributions and size-segregated EC particle fluxes. These observations coincide with the observations of (i) surface concentration products of NH 3 and HNO 3 well below the thermodynamic equilibrium value and (ii) Damköhler numbers that indicate chemical conversion to be sufficiently fast to modify exchange fluxes. The measurements imply a removal rate of volatile NH + 4 of 3−30×10 −6 s −1 averaged over the 1 km boundary-layer, while NH 3 deposition is underestimated by typically 20 ng m −2 s −1 (28%) and flux reversal may occur.

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Section: Dutch Heathland "Leende Heide" At Leende Heidementioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: II. Concentrations and surface exchange fluxes of atmospheric particles

et al. 2004

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“…Both groups of atmospheric N compounds are transported over long distances [ Asman and van Jaarsveld , 1992; Hov et al , 1994], but in areas with intense agricultural activity the reduced N compounds may dominate the atmospheric deposition [ Asman , 2001; Sutton et al , 2003]. NH 3 deposits quickly on any surface and the impact on the local environment is therefore high [ Moller and Schieferdecker , 1985; Roelofs , 1986], contributing significantly to the eutrophication of sensible ecosystems and acidification of the soil on local scale. Models that aim at studying effects of atmospheric N deposition in areas with intense agricultural activity need to account for both contributions from sources far away from the domain in focus and contributions from local sources [ Aneja et al , 2001; Ambelas Skjøth et al , 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamical ammonia emission parameterization for use in air pollution models

2005

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[1] A parameterization of the temporal variation of ammonia (NH 3 ) emission into the atmosphere is proposed. The parameterization relies on several simple submodels reflecting emission from stores and barns, agricultural practice in application of manure, and emission from grown crops. Some of the submodels depend on a simple crop growth model, which again depends on temperature variations throughout the year. The parameterization reflects the differences in agricultural practices, differences in the climate due to latitude/longitude, and differences in meteorological conditions between years. Measured as well as modeled meteorology can be applied by the parameterization, which is developed for use down to single farm level as well as in large-scale physical/statistical Eulerian and Lagrangian air pollution models. The parameterization is based on simple principles and is applied for northwestern Europe. The simple principles ensure that the parameterization may be adapted to other climatic conditions. The proposed parameterization is considered as a large improvement compared to previous simpler models with fixed seasonal variation.Citation: Gyldenkaerne, S., C. Ambelas Skjøth, O. Hertel, and T. Ellermann (2005), A dynamical ammonia emission parameterization for use in air pollution models,

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“…The majority of NH 3 emissions arise from agricultural practices (Buijsman et al, 1987;Sutton et al, 1995) and because of the chemically reactive nature of gaseous NH 3 , the atmospheric residency time is comparatively short (Moller and Schieferdecker, 1985). Therefore, emissions can have significant localised effects, with NH 3 concentrations decreasing exponentially with distance from source (Asman et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating the Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Ammonia with ?15N Values at an Ammonia Release Site

Skinner

Ineson

Hicks

et al. 2004

Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus

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A field ammonia (NH 3 ) release experiment and open top chambers containing moorland monoliths continuously fumigated with NH 3 or sprayed with NH 4 Cl were used to assess the potential for using δ 15 N values in determining the area of influence around a point NH 3 emission source. δ 15 N values are being increasingly used as environmental tracers and we tested the hypothesis that the δ 15 N signal from an NH 3 emission source is observable in nearby vegetation. Using modified monitoring devices, atmospheric NH 3 concentrations were found to decrease with distance from source, with δ 15 N values also reflecting this trend, producing a signal shift with changing concentration. Open top chamber studies of δ 15 N values of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull indicated a correlation with deposition treatments in current year shoots. Analysis of Calluna shoots from the NH 3 release showed a similar trend of δ 15 N enrichment. Significant linear correlations between δ 15 N and percent N in plant material were found, both in the controlled conditions of the open top chambers and at the NH 3 release site, illustrating the possible use of this technique in N deposition biomonitoring.

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A relationship between agricultural NH3 emissions and the atmospheric SO2 content over industrial areas

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: II. Concentrations and surface exchange fluxes of atmospheric particles

Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: II. Concentrations and surface exchange fluxes of atmospheric particles

A dynamical ammonia emission parameterization for use in air pollution models

Correlating the Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Ammonia with ?15N Values at an Ammonia Release Site

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