A renal transplant recipient with pulmonary tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniasis: review of superimposed infections and therapy approaches

Güllülü, Mustafa; Usta, Mehmet; Özçelık, Tayfun; Ylmaz, Ebru; Ek, Uzaslan; Vuruşkan, Hakan; Yavuz, Mahmut; Oktay, Bülent; Dilek, Kamıl; Yurtkuran, Mustafa

doi:10.5414/cnp60289

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…First, socio-demographics, such as gender and age as previously mentioned above, maybe relate to prevalence of co-infection. Second, some special patients, such as renal transplant recipients, patients on maintenance haemodialysis, HIV positive patients and migrants [8,10-12,14,16,21,22,28,33], are likely to be susceptible populations of co-infection. Last but not least, there are higher probabilities of co-infection in some areas with a higher prevalence of TB and parasitic diseases, such as India and East Africa [11,12,16,18,23,29,31-34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans: a systematic review

2013

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Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans is an important public problem in co-endemic areas in developing countries. However, there is a paucity of studies on co-infection and even fewer reviews. This review examines 44 appropriate papers by PRISMA from 289 papers searched in PubMed via the NCBI Entrez system (no grey literature) up to December 2012 in order to analyze the factors that influence epidemic and host’s immunity of co-infection. The limited evidence in this review indicates that most common parasite species are concurrent with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in multiple organs; socio-demographics such as gender and age, special populations with susceptibility such as renal transplant recipients, patients on maintenance haemodialysis, HIV positive patients and migrants, and living in or coming from co-endemic areas are all likely to have an impact on co-infection. Pulmonary tuberculosis and parasitic diseases were shown to be risk factors for each other. Co-infection may significantly inhibit the host’s immune system, increase antibacterial therapy intolerance and be detrimental to the prognosis of the disease; in addition, infection with parasitic diseases can alter the protective immune response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans: a systematic review

2013

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“…[18] However, these infections have rarely been reported in RT recipients. [19][20][21] Though, the frequency of microsporidia is less in RT recipients, this cannot be overlooked as microsporidia causes high morbidity and mortality. [3] Also, in the current study, microsporidiosis was diagnosed within mean duration of 4.3 ± 2.5 years (4 months to 9 years) after transplantation which is in concordance with earlier published reports.…”

Section: Treatment and Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 95%

Intestinal microsporidiosis in renal transplant recipients: Prevalence, predictors of occurrence and genetic characterization

Khanduja

Pant

Prasad

et al. 2015

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…However, CMV may also be part of superinfections reported in patients of kala-azar. [8] The immune response during the amastigote infection is related to cell-mediated immunity. [11] The eradication of amastigote form of Leishmania donovani is prevented by corticosteroids and cyclosporine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus and Leishmania donovani coinfection in a renal allograft recipient

et al. 2011

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Infection is a leading cause of death in renal allograft recipients. Apart from the immunosuppressive drugs, immunomodulatory viral infections also predispose the recipient to many opportunistic infections. Kala-azar in renal allograft recipients is infrequently reported even in endemic areas. In majority of cases, there was delay in diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of renal allograft recipient, where we faced a diagnostic dilemma because of coinfection of cytomegalovirus and visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). Kala-azar was successfully treated with amphotericin B. Kala-azar should always be kept as differential diagnosis in patients with pyrexia and cytopenia, even in the absence of splenomegaly in patients residing in an endemic zone.

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A renal transplant recipient with pulmonary tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniasis: review of superimposed infections and therapy approaches

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans: a systematic review

Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans: a systematic review

Intestinal microsporidiosis in renal transplant recipients: Prevalence, predictors of occurrence and genetic characterization

Cytomegalovirus and Leishmania donovani coinfection in a renal allograft recipient

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