A reply to discussion of the paper, “The alkali–silica reaction the surface charge density of silica and its effect on expansive pressure”

A coupled mechanical and chemical damage model for concrete affected by alkali–silica reaction

“…Section 2.2 describes the experimental procedure applied in [10] to measure the surface charge density of alkali-silica gel specimens. Then Section 2.3 presents the fundamental equations needed in the computation of the expansive pressure.…”

“…Some of the few experimental data can be found in [6] and [7]. An alternative experimental strategy was proposed in [8] and then in [9], where the electrical double-layer theory was used to interpret the swelling mechanism of the alkali-silica gel and the gel pressure was estimated using the experimental values of the surface charge density measured on silica gel specimens.…”

“…In the same line of research, starting from the experimental data published in [10] on the surface charge density measured on alkalisilica gel specimens collected in Furnas dam (Brazil), the present work applies the electrical diffuse double-layer theory to estimate the gel pressure exerted on the concrete matrix. The obtained values are in agreement with the values measured with mechanical tests.…”

Hydration Kinetics of a Low Carbon Cementitious Material Produced by Physico-Chemical Activation of High Calcium Fly Ash

“…2. It is expected that the content of arcanite in FA2 will provide an ambient environment for breaking the glass phase of fly ash particles (Poon et al 2003) as well as playing a catalytic role during the early stage of hydration (Rodrigues et al, 1999). The chemical compositions of FA1 and FA2 are shown in Table 1.…”

Chemistry of alkali–silica reaction and testing of aggregates

“…Only quartz and opal have been studied extensively although other silicate minerals are expected to follow a similar process. Surface charge density on silica or opal grains suspended in different types of electrolyte solutions of different concentrations and pH has been studied by many workers [8][9][10][11]. Bolt studied the charge development of solid silica particles over wide range of NaCl concentration and pH values up to 10 [8].…”