A report of Rhizopus oryzae causing postharvest soft rot of apple fruit in China

Khokhar, Ibatsam; Mukhtar, Irum; Wang, Junhuan; Yang, Jiakuan; Yan, Yanchun

doi:10.1007/s13314-019-0337-6

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These documents reveal that R. oryzae can infect insects; here, we found that R. oryzae being virulent for honeybee larvae is not accidental. Previous research has found that R. oryzae causes disease in bee-pollinated plants [ 41 , 69 ]. Therefore, we hypothesize that R. oryzae may infect both the host plant and its pollinators after their visitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhizopus is fast-growing and their infection of fruits and other types of food is characterized by white mycelia and black sporangiospores during the decay process; another principal characteristic is the formation of rhizoids [ 39 , 40 ]. Some Rhizopus species, such as R. oryzae and R. stolonifera , are weak parasites of ripening honeybee-pollinated fruit crops, including apple, peach, strawberry, citrus, persimmon, pear, and pumpkin [ 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Following the bees’ foraging activities on infected crops, fungal spores gain entry and become established in the beehive by dissemination through direct contact and food contamination [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Isolated Fungus and Its Pathogenicity for Apis mellifera Brood in China

Aynalem,

Meng,

Getachew

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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In this article, we report the pathogenicity of a new strain of fungus, Rhizopus oryzae to honeybee larvae, isolated from the chalkbrood-diseased mummies of honeybee larvae and pupae collected from apiaries in China. Based on morphological observation and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analyses, the isolated pathogenic fungus was identified as R. oryzae. Koch’s postulates were performed to determine the cause-and-effect pathogenicity of this isolate fungus. The in vitro pathogenicity of this virulent fungus in honeybees was tested by artificially inoculating worker larvae in the lab. The pathogenicity of this new fungus for honeybee larvae was both conidial-concentration and exposure-time dependent; its highly infectious and virulent effect against the larvae was observed at 1 × 105 conidia/larva in vitro after 96 h of challenge. Using probit regression analysis, the LT50 value against the larvae was 26.8 h at a conidial concentration of 1 × 105 conidia/larva, and the LC50 was 6.2 × 103 conidia/larva. These results indicate that the new isolate of R. oryzae has considerable pathogenicity in honeybee larvae. Additionally, this report suggests that pathogenic phytofungi may harm their associated pollinators. We recommend further research to quantify the levels, mechanisms, and pathways of the pathogenicity of this novel isolated pathogen for honeybee larvae at the colony level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Isolated Fungus and Its Pathogenicity for Apis mellifera Brood in China

Aynalem,

Meng,

Getachew

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…Rhizopus arrhizus (syn. R. oryzae ) is also known as a plant pathogen, e.g., the causal agent of root rot (Haddoudi et al, 2021 ), and postharvest diseases of many species (Khokhar et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: The High Priority Group From the Who Fpplmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It causes, among others, root rot of fava bean (Haddoudi et al, 2021 ) and mulberry (Gnanesh et al, 2021 ), soft rot of garlic (Zhang et al, 2022 ), and head rot of sunflower (Zhou et al, 2018 ). This fungus can also be associated with the postharvest rot of several species, like apple (Khokhar et al, 2019 ), strawberry (Wang et al, 2015 ), and mandarin (Moosa et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: The High Priority Group From the Who Fpplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-kingdom fungal pathogens infecting both plants and humans, and the problem of azole fungicide resistance

Pintye,

Bacsó,

Kovács

2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Azole antifungals are abundantly used in the environment and play an important role in managing fungal diseases in clinics. Due to the widespread use, azole resistance is an emerging global problem for all applications in several fungal species, including trans-kingdom pathogens, capable of infecting plants and humans. Azoles used in agriculture and clinics share the mode of action and facilitating cross-resistance development. The extensive use of azoles in the environment, e.g., for plant protection and wood preservation, contributes to the spread of resistant populations and challenges using these antifungals in medical treatments. The target of azoles is the cytochrome p450 lanosterol 14-α demethylase encoded by the CYP51 (called also as ERG11 in the case of yeasts) gene. Resistance mechanisms involve mainly the mutations in the coding region in the CYP51 gene, resulting in the inadequate binding of azoles to the encoded Cyp51 protein, or mutations in the promoter region causing overexpression of the protein. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued the first fungal priority pathogens list (FPPL) to raise awareness of the risk of fungal infections and the increasingly rapid spread of antifungal resistance. Here, we review the main issues about the azole antifungal resistance of trans-kingdom pathogenic fungi with the ability to cause serious human infections and included in the WHO FPPL. Methods for the identification of these species and detection of resistance are summarized, highlighting the importance of these issues to apply the proper treatment.

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One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 (2020)

et al. 2020

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This is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms. This paper focuses on one family: Erysiphaceae and 24 phytopathogenic genera: Armillaria, Barriopsis, Cercospora, Cladosporium, Clinoconidium, Colletotrichum, Cylindrocladiella, Dothidotthia,, Fomitopsis, Ganoderma, Golovinomyces, Heterobasidium, Meliola, Mucor, Neoerysiphe, Nothophoma, Phellinus, Phytophthora, Pseudoseptoria, Pythium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Thyrostroma and Wojnowiciella. Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background, distribution, hosts, disease symptoms, and updated backbone trees. Species confirmed with pathogenicity studies are denoted when data are available. Six of the genera are updated from previous entries as many new species have been described.

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A report of Rhizopus oryzae causing postharvest soft rot of apple fruit in China

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

A New Isolated Fungus and Its Pathogenicity for Apis mellifera Brood in China

A New Isolated Fungus and Its Pathogenicity for Apis mellifera Brood in China

Trans-kingdom fungal pathogens infecting both plants and humans, and the problem of azole fungicide resistance

One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 (2020)

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