• Peer review remains problematic, but only partial resolutions to the problems have been identified. • The article processing charge financial model looks like a farmer who works hard to produce food but then must pay to sell his final products to consumers. • Article categories are largely meaningless-'original articles' are not the only original content, and how rapid are rapid communications? • Word limits belong to the print environment and are overly proscriptive in the digital environment. • Why is only one author identified as the corresponding author when all authors should take responsibility for their articles? Since the invention of the Internet in the second half of the 20th century, the landscape of scientific publishing has witnessed major shifts in the ways we write, read, publish, and distribute scientific information. The Internet and personal computers (PCs) offered tremendous possibilities to disseminate scientific knowledge, to facilitate communication and innovation, and to bridge the information gap between developing and developed countries (Duffy, 2000; Eng, 2004; Smart, 2004). Scientists use and disseminate their findings and ideas in such a way that was unimaginable a few decades ago. Despite these achievements, important reforms in the publishing system are still required in my opinion at both the content and form levels. Some of these are briefly discussed below. PEER REVIEW Peer reviewas its name suggestsis an assessment by peers to point out any potential and detectable issues in scholarly publications. In its proofreading and advice-giving aspects, peer review is as old as the writing skill itself. But in its scholarly forms, peer review is a relatively recent ingredient of science publishing. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) did not use external reviewers until after 1940 (Spier, 2002), and The Lancet was not using peer review before 1976 as it was considered unimportant (Benos et al., 2007). Many criticisms have been directed at the peer review as a time-consuming and costly process. The objectivity of evaluation by peers can be biased by different personal and professional factors related to financial or non-financial conflicts of interests, unfair competition, gender, inconsistency among reviewers, author celebrity, country, institutional prestige, negative results, and avoidance of new and