A reprogrammable mechanical metamaterial with stable memory

Chen, Tian; Pauly, Mark; Reis, Pedro

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03123-5

Cited by 345 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The strict hierarchy of t-graph topologies and the more subtle effects of the relative ordering are experimentally observable and testable and provide a conceptual tool to organize the plethora of pathways observed in driven frustrated matter. Together, our work shows how hysteron interactions bring sequences of bit flips that encode forms of information processing within reach, creating opportunities for soft robotics (23)(24)(25)(26) and information processing in materials (9)(10)(11)27).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 89%

Complex pathways and memory in compressed corrugated sheets

Bense

Hecke

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The nonlinear response of driven complex materials—disordered magnets, amorphous media, and crumpled sheets—features intricate transition pathways where the system repeatedly hops between metastable states. Such pathways encode memory effects and may allow information processing, yet tools are lacking to experimentally observe and control these pathways, and their full breadth has not been explored. Here we introduce compression of corrugated elastic sheets to precisely observe and manipulate their full, multistep pathways, which are reproducible, robust, and controlled by geometry. We show how manipulation of the boundaries allows us to elicit multiple targeted pathways from a single sample. In all cases, each state in the pathway can be encoded by the binary state of material bits called hysterons, and the strength of their interactions plays a crucial role. In particular, as function of increasing interaction strength, we observe Preisach pathways, expected in systems of independently switching hysterons; scrambled pathways that evidence hitherto unexplored interactions between these material bits; and accumulator pathways which leverage these interactions to perform an elementary computation. Our work opens a route to probe, manipulate, and understand complex pathways, impacting future applications in soft robotics and information processing in materials.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 89%

Complex pathways and memory in compressed corrugated sheets

Bense

Hecke

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…As a result, the copper tapes circuit would be on and off, and then allowing for on-the-fly pro-grammability (Figure 9e). Chen et al [181] utilized MREs to design the reprogrammable multi-stable metamaterials. They developed a bi-stable elastic structure cell, which consists of a magnetic cap made from the NdFeB particles and a resin framework, as shown in Figure 9f.…”

Section: Magneto-responsive Active Mechanical Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Active Mechanical Metamaterials and Construction Principles

et al. 2021

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Active mechanical metamaterials (AMMs) (or smart mechanical metamaterials) that combine the configurations of mechanical metamaterials and the active control of stimuli-responsive materials have been widely investigated in recent decades. The elaborate artificial microstructures of mechanical metamaterials and the stimulus response characteristics of smart materials both contribute to AMMs, making them achieve excellent properties beyond the conventional metamaterials. The micro and macro structures of the AMMs are designed based on structural construction principles such as, phase transition, strain mismatch, and mechanical instability. Considering the controllability and efficiency of the stimuli-responsive materials, physical fields such as, the temperature, chemicals, light, electric current, magnetic field, and pressure have been adopted as the external stimuli in practice. In this paper, the frontier works and the latest progress in AMMs from the aspects of the mechanics and materials are reviewed. The functions and engineering applications of the AMMs are also discussed. Finally, existing issues and future perspectives in this field are briefly described. This review is expected to provide the basis and inspiration for the follow-up research on AMMs.

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“…Although the mechanical behavior of a few building blocks can be in situ tuned by changing initial states, boundary conditions, and external constraints, etc., [ 8–14 ] yet tuning the mechanical behavior of metamaterial to different targets is hindered by the complex relation between structural topologies and mechanics. On one hand, building blocks with nonlinear mechanical behavior generally have special microstructures, and thus designing building blocks with target mechanical behavior usually needs complicated mechanical analysis and iterative optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stair‐Building Strategy for Tailoring Mechanical Behavior of Re‐Customizable Metamaterials

Lin

Pan

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Re‐customizable mechanical behavior is critical for versatile materials with tunable functions and applications, but inverse design for varying targets is often hindered by complex coupling between structural topologies and mechanics. In this work, a novel “stair‐building” strategy for customizing as well as re‐customizing target mechanical behavior for mechanical metamaterials is proposed. Similar to building a stair with bricks, customizing or re‐customizing a target stress–strain (force–displacement) curve for the material can be realized by stacking the brick‐like loading curves of bistable units visually. The mechanical feasibility of the “stair‐building” strategy is firstly physically realized in a type of array‐structured multistable mechanical metamaterial and then carefully verified by theoretical mechanics analysis. Accordingly, three specific simple design schemes are further proposed for implementation. The “stair‐building” strategy is proved to be rapid, effective, and accurate for mechanical behavior customization by both experiments and finite element simulations. Moreover, re‐customization for diverse mechanical behaviors in a wide range can be realized by the same piece of metamaterial. This design strategy provides a novel approach for tailoring metamaterials with re‐customizable target mechanical behaviors and applies to a variety of bistable units.

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A reprogrammable mechanical metamaterial with stable memory

Cited by 345 publications

References 40 publications

Complex pathways and memory in compressed corrugated sheets

Complex pathways and memory in compressed corrugated sheets

Recent Progress in Active Mechanical Metamaterials and Construction Principles

A Stair‐Building Strategy for Tailoring Mechanical Behavior of Re‐Customizable Metamaterials

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