A Response-Discrimination Account of the Simon Effect.

Ansorge, Ulrich; Wühr, Peter

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.30.2.365

Cited by 166 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Participants responded more quickly when the location of the target object was spatially compatible with the correct response action. The overall pattern of results is consistent with the response discrimination account of the Simon effect (Ansorge &Wühr, 2004). According to this theory, stimulus-triggered response activation shows up in Simon effects only when stimulus locations match the top-down selected spatial codes used to discriminate between alternative responses.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

The interplay of spatial attention and memory: evidence for memory-driven spatial compatibility effects, but not for a facilitating role of attention in memory retrieval

Vankov

2011

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The visual indexing theory proposed by Zenon Pylyshyn (Cognition, 32, 65-97, 1989) predicts that visual attention mechanisms are employed when mental images are projected onto a visual scene. Recent eye-tracking studies have supported this hypothesis by showing that people tend to look at empty places where requested information has been previously presented. However, it has remained unclear to what extent this behavior is related to memory performance. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the manipulation of spatial attention can facilitate memory retrieval. In two experiments, participants were asked first to memorize a set of four objects and then to determine whether a probe word referred to any of the objects. The results of both experiments indicate that memory accuracy is not affected by the current focus of attention and that all the effects of directing attention to specific locations on response times can be explained in terms of stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response spatial compatibility.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

The interplay of spatial attention and memory: evidence for memory-driven spatial compatibility effects, but not for a facilitating role of attention in memory retrieval

Vankov

2011

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…The Simon effect is usually not observed when an individual participant performs a simple go/nogo response (Ansorge & Wühr, 2004), suggesting that only responses that are spatially coded (e.g., as left vs. right) can be automatically activated by spatially corresponding stimuli. Using social pointing stimuli, Sebanz, Knoblich, and Prinz (2003) tested if the Simon effect reappeared in a go/nogo task when another individual performed the complementary go/nogo task by responding to the other target (see also Tsai, Kuo, Jing, Hung, & Tzeng, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trial-to-trial sequential dependencies in a social and non-social Simon task

Liepelt

Wenke

Fischer

et al. 2010

Psychological Research

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Recent research has shown that joint-action effects in a social Simon task provide a good index of action co-representation. The present study aimed to specify the mechanisms underlying joint action by considering trial-to-trial transitions. Using non-social stimuli, we assigned a Simon task to two participants. Each was responsible for only one of two possible responses. This task was performed alone (Individual go/nogo task) and in cooperation with another person who was sitting alongside (Joint go/nogo task). As a further control task, we added a Standard Simon task. Replicating previous findings (Sebanz et al. in Cognition 88:B11-B21, 2003), we found no spatial compatibility effect in the Individual go/nogo task but we did find one in the Joint go/nogo task. A more detailed analysis showed that a sequential modulation of the Simon effect was present in both the Joint and the Individual go/nogo tasks. We found reliable Simon effects in trials following Simon compatible trials not only in the Joint go/nogo task but also to a somewhat smaller extent in the Individual go/nogo task. For both these go/nogo tasks, sequential modulation effects were stronger for nogo/go transitions than for go/go transitions. This suggests that low-level feature binding and repetition mechanisms contribute to the social Simon effect related to the specific requirement not to respond on nogo trials.

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“…With regard to response coding, Ansorge and Wühr (2004) have emphasized that Simon effects (and SRC effects, Wühr, 2011) arise "only when stimulus locations match the top-down selected spatial codes used to discriminate between alternative responses" (p. 365), which they call the response-discrimination account. According to this account, two conditions must be met for Simon and SRC effects to occur: "First, the stimulus-location code must enter WM [working memory].…”

Section: Mean Src and Simon Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Debate has centered on whether the spatial stimulus code is a result of a shift of attention to the stimulus (e.g., Rubichi, Nicoletti, Iani, & Umiltà, 1997) or of relations of the stimulus to various reference frames (e.g., Yamaguchi & Proctor, 2012). The spatial response codes are often credited to the spatial nature of the required response discrimination (e.g., Ansorge & Wühr, 2004;Wühr & Ansorge, 2007). Hommel (2011) recently summarized the current state of understanding as follows:…”

Section: Dual-route Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation of S-R compatibility and Simon effects with mixed tasks and mappings.

Proctor

Yamaguchi²,

Dutt³

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Binary-choice reactions are typically faster when the stimulus location corresponds with that of the response than when it does not. This advantage of spatial correspondence is known as the stimulusresponse compatibility (SRC) effect when the mapping of stimulus location, as the relevant stimulus dimension, is varied to be compatible or incompatible with response location. It is called the Simon effect when stimulus location is task-irrelevant. The SRC effect is eliminated when compatible and incompatible spatial mappings are mixed within a trial block, and the Simon effect is eliminated when the Simon task is mixed with the SRC task with incompatible spatial mapping. Eliminations of both types have been attributed to suppression of an automatic response-activation route. We tested predictions of this suppression hypothesis for conditions in which the SRC and Simon tasks were intermixed and the spatial mappings on the SRC trials could be compatible or incompatible. In Experiment 1, the two tasks were equally likely, as were compatible and incompatible spatial mappings on SRC trials; in Experiment 2, the SRC or Simon task was more frequent; and, in Experiment 3, the compatible or incompatible location mapping for the SRC task was more frequent. The SRC effect was absent overall in all experiments, whereas the Simon effect was robust to the manipulations and showed the characteristic decrease across the reaction time (RT) distribution. This dissociation of effects implies that the automatic responseactivation route is not suppressed in mixed conditions and suggests that mixing influences the SRC and Simon effects by different means.

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A Response-Discrimination Account of the Simon Effect.

Cited by 166 publications

References 37 publications

The interplay of spatial attention and memory: evidence for memory-driven spatial compatibility effects, but not for a facilitating role of attention in memory retrieval

The interplay of spatial attention and memory: evidence for memory-driven spatial compatibility effects, but not for a facilitating role of attention in memory retrieval

Trial-to-trial sequential dependencies in a social and non-social Simon task

Dissociation of S-R compatibility and Simon effects with mixed tasks and mappings.

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