A result from the NIST watt balance and an analysis of uncertainties

Steiner, Reto; Newell, David B.; Williams, Edwin R.

doi:10.1109/19.769564

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus the binary programmable voltage standard system (Fig. 5) is primarily used for applications that require stable and programmable dc voltages such as watt-balance experiments [27], [28] and fast-reversed dc-dc comparisons [29], [30].…”

Section: Programmable Voltage Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology for next generation Josephson voltage standards

Benz

Dresselhaus

Burroughs

2001

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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We have developed two voltage standard systems: 1) the programmable Josephson voltage standard and 2) the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer. The programmable system is fully automated and provides stable programmable dc voltages from 1.2 V to +1.2 V. The synthesizer is the first quantum-based ac voltage standard source. It uses perfectly quantized Josephson pulses to generate arbitrary waveforms with low harmonic distortion and stable, calculable time-dependent voltages. Both systems are presently limited to output voltages less than 10 V as a result of frequency requirements and the limits of junction fabrication technology. We describe the development of fabrication technology for these systems and describe the circuit-and fabrication-related constraints that presently limit system performance. Finally, we propose the use of lumped arrays of junctions to achieve higher practical voltages through development of a nanoscale junction technology, in which 13 000 junctions are closely spaced at 50 nm-100 nm intervals.

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Section: Programmable Voltage Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology for next generation Josephson voltage standards

Benz

Dresselhaus

Burroughs

2001

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…That experiment was a prototype for the next version in which the magnetic field was increased a factor of fifty using a superconducting magnet, resulting in similar increases in the force and voltage. During the next decade many improvements were made [ 125 , 126 ]. In 1998 the latest results were published [ 82 ] by E. R. Williams, R. L. Steiner, D. B. Newell, and P. T. Olsen.…”

Section: Electrical Metrology At Nist In the Twenty-first Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total uncertainty is dominated by Type B uncertainty components, that is, components that have to be evaluated by means other than statistical analysis of repeated measurements. Of the possible Type B error sources [ 126 ] that contribute to the uncertainty, the three largest components arise from the following: (1) the index of refraction of air; (2) the present alignment procedures; and (3) residual knife-edge hysteresis effects during force measurements. Using the data discussed above Williams et al obtained a relative standard uncertainty of 0.087 μW/W.…”

Section: Electrical Metrology At Nist In the Twenty-first Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

The ampere and electrical standards

Elmquist¹,

Cage²,

Tang³

et al. 2001

J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.

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This paper describes some of the major contributions to metrology and physics made by the NIST Electricity Division, which has existed since 1901. It was one of the six original divisions of the National Bureau of Standards. The Electricity Division provides dc and low-frequency calibrations for industrial, scientific, and research organizations, and conducts research on topics related to electrical metrology and fundamental constants. The early work of the Electricity Division staff included the development of precision standards, such as Rosa and Thomas standard resistors and the ac-dc thermal converter. Research contributions helped define the early international system of measurement units and bring about the transition to absolute units based on fundamental principles and physical and dimensional measurements. NIST research has helped to develop and refine electrical standards using the quantum Hall effect and the Josephson effect, which are both based on quantum physics. Four projects covering a number of voltage and impedance measurements are described in detail. Several other areas of current research at NIST are described, including the use of the Internet for international compatibility in metrology, determination of the fine-structure and Planck constants, and construction of the electronic kilogram.

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“…In our previously reported results on the determination of Planck constant, h [ 6 , 7 ], the uncertainty was estimated at 8.7 × 10 −8 . (All uncertainties are relative standard uncertainties with k = 1, unless otherwise specified.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Details of the 1998 watt balance experiment determining the Planck constant

Steiner¹,

Newell²,

Williams³

2005

J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) watt balance experiment completed a determination of Planck constant in 1998 with a relative standard uncertainty of 87 × 10−9 (k = 1), concurrently with an upper limit on the drift rate of the SI kilogram mass standard. A number of other fundamental physical constants with uncertainties dominated by this result are also calculated. This paper focuses on the details of the balance apparatus, the measurement and control procedures, and the reference calibrations. The alignment procedures are also described, as is a novel mutual inductance measurement procedure. The analysis summary discusses the data noise sources and estimates for the Type B uncertainty contributions to the uncertainty budget. Much of this detail, some historical progression, and a few recent findings have not been included in previous papers reporting the results of this experiment.

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A result from the NIST watt balance and an analysis of uncertainties

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Nanotechnology for next generation Josephson voltage standards

Nanotechnology for next generation Josephson voltage standards

The ampere and electrical standards

Details of the 1998 watt balance experiment determining the Planck constant

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