A Retrospective Analysis of 140 Dogs With Oral Melanoma Treated With External Beam Radiation

Proulx, David; Ruslander, David; Dodge, Richard K.; Hauck, Marlene; Williams, Laurel E.; Horn, B; Price, G. Sylvester; Thrall, Donald E.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2003.tb00468.x

Cited by 153 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A retrospective analysis of dogs with oral melanoma treated with external beam radiation showed that the median time to the first event was 150 days and the median survival was 210 days (n ¼ 140). 27 With an overall response rate of carboplatin (n ¼ 27) of 28%, the median duration of the objective response was 165 days. 28 When combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, hypofractionated radiation therapy yielded a better outcome with a median survival time of 363 days (n ¼ 39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine-enhanced vaccine and suicide gene therapy as surgery adjuvant treatments for spontaneous canine melanoma

Finocchiaro

Glikin

2007

Gene Ther

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We evaluated the safety, efficacy and anti-tumor effects of a surgery adjuvant treatment on canine patients with malignant melanoma. This approach combined suicide gene therapy with a subcutaneous vaccine composed by formolized tumor cells and irradiated xenogeneic cells producing human interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The post-surgical margin of the cavity was infiltrated with lipid-complexed thymidine kinase suicide gene coadministrated with ganciclovir. Toxicity was minimal or absent in all patients. With respect to surgery-treated controls (SC), this combined treatment (CT) significantly increased the fraction of patients local disease-free from 6 to 58% and distant metastases-free from 43 to 78% (Fisher's Exact test).In addition, CT significantly improved both SC overall 78 (23-540) and metastasis-free survival 112 (0-467) days to more than 1312 days (respective ranges: 43-1312 and 0-1312) (Kaplan-Meier analysis). In those patients subjected to partial surgery or presenting local recurrence, the efficacy of CT was verified by a 49% of objective responses that averaged 85% of tumor mass loss, while 22% displayed tumor progression as 94% of SC did. Therefore, surgery adjuvant CT controlled tumor growth, delaying or preventing post-surgical recurrence and distant metastasis, significantly extending survival and recovering the quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine-enhanced vaccine and suicide gene therapy as surgery adjuvant treatments for spontaneous canine melanoma

Finocchiaro

Glikin

2007

Gene Ther

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“…Survival times quoted for conventionally treated stage II or III oral CMM (Table 1.) range from 3-to 12 months with metastasis being a significant cause of mortality (Bateman et al, 1994;Freeman et al, 2003;MacEwen et al, 1986;Murphy et al, 2005;Proulx et al, 2003). It is, however, worth noting that not all oral CMMs are clinically aggressive and some early stage canine patients as well as patients with histologically benign lesions can have extended survivals (MacEwen et al, 1986;Smedley et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review

Atherton

Morris

McDermott

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Canine melanoma as a model of human melanomaFor at least two decades, veterinary oncologists have advocated using spontaneously occurring tumours in companion animals as models for human cancer (Knapp and Waters, 1997;MacEwen, 1990). Several recent reviews have readdressed this approach identifying osteosarcoma, mammary tumours, head and neck cancers, bladder carcinomas, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, prostatic carcinoma, lung cancer and pertinently oral canine malignant melanoma (CMM) as good models for human neoplasms (Hansen and Khanna, 2004;Khanna and Hunter, 2005;Paoloni and Khanna, 2008). The major benefits of dogs as tumour models include the ability to study genetically outbred and immunologically intact animals in which cancers develop spontaneously and thus, more likely reflect the process of tumourigenesis compared to experimentally-induced neoplasms. As pets and owners share the same environment, they may be exposed to the same carcinogens, which, in part, drive tumour development. Regarding disease modelling, animal tumours often have similar clinical presentation, tumour biology and histopathological appearance to their human counterparts and usually progress more rapidly, thereby shortening data maturation times. In addition, few "standard of care" therapies exist for dogs meaning that within reason, trial therapeutics can be instigated at any point. Given these benefits, companion animal tumour models more accurately reflect the features of human cancers compared to rodent models with CMM being a desirable example of one such neoplasm. Conversely, the opportunity to translate the potential value of state of the art human therapeutics to the veterinary clinic also exists. Oral canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a spontaneously occurring aggressive tumour with relatively few medical treatment options, which provides a suitable model for the disease in humans. Historically, multiple immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at provoking both innate and adaptive anti-tumour immune responses have been published with varying levels of activity against CMM. Recently, a plasmid DNA vaccine expressing human tyrosinase has been licensed for the adjunct treatment of oral CMM. This article reviews the immunological similarities between CMM and the human counterpart; mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune system; reasons why melanoma is an attractive target for immunotherapy; the premise of whole cell, dendritic cell (DC), viral and DNA vaccination strategies alongside preliminary clinical results in dogs. Current "gold standard" treatments for advanced human malignant melanoma are evolving quickly with remarkable results being achieved following the introduction of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptively transferred cell therapies. The rapidly expanding field of cancer immunology and immunotherapeutics means that rational targeting of this disease in both species should enhance treatment outcomes in veterinary and human clinics.

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“…Several reports have investigated the efficacy of CT in COMM, but there is no definitive evidence regarding its effectiveness (5,6,(7)(8)(9). Therefore, there is a need for an alternative treatment for COMM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanoma treatment includes radiation therapy and chemotherapy (CT), either alone, as an adjuvant therapy following surgery, or in combination (2). Although radiation therapy provides effective local tumor control, it is only performed in selected facilities (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical systemic lupeol administration for canine oral malignant melanoma

Yokoe¹,

Aso²,

Hata³

et al. 2014

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is the most aggressive malignant tumor in dogs. Lupeol is a triterpene extracted from various fruits and vegetables that reportedly inhibits melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the efficacy of subcutaneous lupeol for spontaneous COMM was evaluated. A total of 11 dogs (3, 5 and 3 dogs diagnosed with clinical stage I, II and III melanoma, respectively) were evaluated. Subcutaneous lupeol (10 mg/kg) was administered postoperatively at various time points to treat these 11 COMM cases. Of the 11 subjects, 7 exhibited no local recurrence 180 days postoperatively and no severe adverse effects were observed in any of the cases. Furthermore, no distant metastasis was observed during the experimental period. Therefore, systemic lupeol may prevent local tumor progression and distant metastasis and may be a novel adjuvant treatment for the treatment of COMM. IntroductionCanine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is the most common malignancy in dogs, accounting for 30-40% of all oral tumors (1,2). COMM is characterized by extensive local invasion, as well as distant metastasis (2). Melanoma treatment includes radiation therapy and chemotherapy (CT), either alone, as an adjuvant therapy following surgery, or in combination (2). Although radiation therapy provides effective local tumor control, it is only performed in selected facilities (3-5).In addition, radiation therapy may be costly and, hence, beyond the financial means of some owners. Several reports have investigated the efficacy of CT in COMM, but there is no definitive evidence regarding its effectiveness (5,6,7-9). Therefore, there is a need for an alternative treatment for COMM.Lupeol is a triterpene found in fruits such as olives, mangoes, strawberries, grapes and figs, numerous vegetables and several medicinal plants (10). Previous studies reported that lupeol has antitumor properties (11,12) and several reports indicated that lupeol inhibits melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo (13,14). Recently, Nitta et al (14) reported that systemic lupeol administration inhibited tumor growth in a melanoma-bearing mouse model; however, there is no report evaluating its clinical efficacy in COMM. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous lupeol as an adjuvant therapy for spontaneous COMM. Subjects and methods Subjects.A total of 11 dogs were included in this study. The characteristics of the sublects are summarized in Table I. The represented breeds included 2 miniature Dachshunds, 2 Beagles, 2 miniature Schnauzers, 1 Golden Retriever, 1 Labrador Retriever, 1 American Cocker Spaniel, 1 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and 1 mixed-breed dog. The dogs ranged in age between 8 and 17 years. The tumors in all 11 dogs were classified according to the TNM classification (1,2) as follows: 3 dogs had stage I, 5 dogs had stage II and 3 dogs had stage III disease (Table I). Two cases of cancer recurrence were included (C04 and C07). This study was conducted between April, 2010 and M...

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A Retrospective Analysis of 140 Dogs With Oral Melanoma Treated With External Beam Radiation

Cited by 153 publications

References 33 publications

Cytokine-enhanced vaccine and suicide gene therapy as surgery adjuvant treatments for spontaneous canine melanoma

Cytokine-enhanced vaccine and suicide gene therapy as surgery adjuvant treatments for spontaneous canine melanoma

Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review

Clinical systemic lupeol administration for canine oral malignant melanoma

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