A retrospective analysis of environmental risk factors for the diagnosis of deep stromal abscess in 390 horses in North Central Florida from 1991 to 2013

Proietto, Laura R.; Plummer, Caryn E.; Maxwell, Kathleen; Lamb, Kenneth; Brooks, Dennis

doi:10.1111/vop.12297

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Proietto and colleagues evaluated environmental risk factors for 390 cases of equine deep stromal abscesses presented to the University of Florida (Proietto et al 2016). Deep stromal abscesses are a form of non-ulcerative keratitis in horses with a likely fungal aetiology (Henriksen et al 2014b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keratomycosis (ulcerative and stromal abscess) generally presents seasonally, dependent upon geographic location. In the northeastern United States, horses with ulcerative keratomycosis predominantly present during the summer and early fall (Gaarder et al 1998; Utter et al 2010; Ledbetter et al 2013), while in southeastern regions, keratomycosis is more frequent in late fall to winter or without seasonal effects (Coad et al 1985; Andrew et al 1998; Proietto et al 2016). Seasonal presentation is suspected to be related to fluctuations in temperature and humidity (Henriksen et al 2014a; Proietto et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the northeastern United States, horses with ulcerative keratomycosis predominantly present during the summer and early fall (Gaarder et al 1998; Utter et al 2010; Ledbetter et al 2013), while in southeastern regions, keratomycosis is more frequent in late fall to winter or without seasonal effects (Coad et al 1985; Andrew et al 1998; Proietto et al 2016). Seasonal presentation is suspected to be related to fluctuations in temperature and humidity (Henriksen et al 2014a; Proietto et al 2016). To the authors’ knowledge, the risk for keratomycosis in horses living at higher elevations and drier climates of the western part of United States such as Colorado has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of equine ulcerative keratomycosis in Colorado and association of environmental factors: A retrospective and descriptive study (2002–2017)

Martabano

Henriksen

Powell

2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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Equine ulcerative keratomycosis is relatively commonly presented to teaching hospitals in North America, with a prevalence from 24 to 86%. Horses in Colorado may have lower risk due to the dry mountain climate, but data are lacking. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ulcerative keratomycosis amongst horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CSU-VTH) ophthalmology service and to evaluate environmental factors (season, temperature, humidity, wind speed and elevation) associated with ulcerative keratomycosis in Colorado. A database search identified horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to the ophthalmology service at CSU-VTH from January 2002 to August 2017. Sixty-one horses met the inclusion criteria of a corneal cytology and/or culture or histopathology at the time of diagnosis; cases lacking that were excluded. Environmental factors at the boarding sites, including season, temperature, humidity, wind speed and elevation and clinical outcomes for fungal cases, were recorded. Prevalence of fungal infection amongst equine ulcerative keratitis was 16.4% (10/61), suggesting that CSU-VTH has considerably fewer ulcerative keratomycosis cases than other veterinary teaching hospitals in North America. Spring (50%, 5/10) and fall (40%, 4/10) had the highest prevalence of fungal ulcerative keratitis in Colorado. Only one case was reported in summer (10%, 1/10); no horses were positive (0%, 0/10) in winter. Only wind speed seemed to influence the development of ulcerative keratomycosis with higher wind speeds associated with greater rates of fungal involvement (P = 0.047). Other environmental factors did not show a detectable association (all P-values >0.05). Outcomes were variable. It was concluded that horses from the area of CSU-VTH appear to be at lower risk for ulcerative keratomycosis than from the areas around other North American veterinary teaching hospitals that have reported data. Most horses with keratomycosis in this area present in the spring and fall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of equine ulcerative keratomycosis in Colorado and association of environmental factors: A retrospective and descriptive study (2002–2017)

Martabano

Henriksen

Powell

2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Alternatively, the difference in the prevalence of fungal infection compared to our study might be attributed to the hypothesis that the seasonal variation and temperature conditions, housing and management conditions might influence the epidemiological pattern of keratomycosis [ 35 , 49 ]. Along the same line, equine fungal keratitis is usually recorded in warm and humid climate regions, which suggest that seasonal variation is an important factor influencing the occurrence of the disease [ 31 , 50 , 51 ]. However, there is raised awareness of its prevalence in subtropical areas and during summer and autumn months with sufficient temperature and precipitation [ 12 , 43 , 50 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Ocular Fungal Infection in Equine from Egypt

Tahoun

Elnafarawy

Elmahallawy

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Diagnosis and treatment of ocular fungal infection in equine seems very challenging for owners and clinicians. The present study aimed to identify and characterize fungal species isolated from the eyes of clinically healthy and diseased equines (N = 100) from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The work also involved morphological and molecular characterization of the major fungal species. In addition, correlations between the occurrence of isolated fungi and some of the potential risk factors were also investigated. Interestingly, the prevalence rate of ocular mycosis in all examined equines in the study was 28% and there were major clinical signs associated with ocular fungal infection. Moreover, the identified fungal species included Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., and Alternari spp. with a corresponding prevalence rate of 63.9%, 27.8%, 15.3%, 18.1%, 13.9%, and 4.2%, respectively, in healthy equine eyes, while their prevalence in diseased equine eyes was 57.1%, 32.1%, 21.4%, 7.1%, 3.6%, and 0%. Furthermore, a statistical significant association (p < 0.05) was found between the frequency of isolation of A. fumigatus and Penicillium and several risk factors (breed, sex, and ground type), while the remaining risk factors and occurrence of fungi were not statistically correlated. A subset of the Aspergillus species samples positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were sequenced and their phylogenetic analysis identified three species of Aspergillus. Taken together, our study provides novel data related to the occurrence of ocular mycosis in equine in Egypt. Given the zoonotic potential of some identified fungi, our data may be helpful for implementation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for combating this sight-threatening infection in equine.

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“…In this investigation Laura Proietto and colleagues in the USA aimed to identify potential environmental risk factors for the diagnosis of equine deep stromal abscesses (DSA) in the subtropical climate in Florida .…”

Section: Risk Factors For Deep Stromal Abscessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Wright¹

2016

Equine Veterinary Education

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A retrospective analysis of environmental risk factors for the diagnosis of deep stromal abscess in 390 horses in North Central Florida from 1991 to 2013

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence of equine ulcerative keratomycosis in Colorado and association of environmental factors: A retrospective and descriptive study (2002–2017)

Prevalence of equine ulcerative keratomycosis in Colorado and association of environmental factors: A retrospective and descriptive study (2002–2017)

Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Ocular Fungal Infection in Equine from Egypt

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

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