A Retrospective Case-Control Study, Factors Affecting Treatment Outcomes for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in İstanbul, Turkey

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a public health problem and its transmission is a threat to the community.Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the treatment outcomes and the effectiveness of the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) in relation to the application of the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) program in various sites in Istanbul, Turkey.

Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and Determinants among Patients Treated in Hospitals in Imo State, Nigeria

“…Also death rates were high in both extremes of age. This pattern has been reported in a study from Turkey [28] which revealed that there was a significant positive trend of increased risk for adverse treatment outcomes with age, with almost two and three fold increase in odds of an adverse treatment outcome among patients aged 51 -65 years and 65 years respectively. Other studies had shown significant association between death and older age [29]- [31] [43], and extremes of age with lower proportions of treatment success [23] [25].…”

“…This association with extremes of age may partly be explained by the effect of co-morbidity confounders common at the extremes of age that are likely to worsen the outcome of TB treatment. This argument was strengthened by the finding in a Turkish study which revealed that co-morbidity was associated with a near doubling of the odds for an adverse TB treatment outcome [28].…”

“…Several factors have been reported in previous studies to influence the treatment outcome of tuberculosis. Socio demographic factors reported in previous studies were age of patients [27]- [32], sex of patients [17] [43], presence of co-morbidities [28], hospitalization [28], sputum smear positivity at 3 months of treatment [28] [37], pre-treatment sputum result status [32] [42] [43], delay in treatment 42, HIV status of TB patients [19] [39] [44]- [46], bilateral radiologic lesions and cavities [28] [43]. Other factors reported were those related to type of health facility and house patient lived in [25] [39].…”

Factors Associated with Outcomes of Treatment among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Plateau State, Nigeria, 2011

“…The main goal of TB control is to achieve high cured among the smear positive TB patient especially when treated in the first instance. According to the WHO indicators for Programme Outcomes, retreatment or patients with previous exposure to anti TB drugs is indication of ineffective treatment, incorrect administration of medication or non adherence to the direct observation of treatment (DOT) either on the part of the patient or the service providers [11]. Studies have shown that people who had history of failing to adhere to treatment in the first instance are more likely to fail subsequent treatments since the first failure might had been due to unresolved cause of poor compliance to treatment of drug resistance.…”

Progress Towards TB Elimination: An Eight-Year Retrospective Analysis of Key Performance Indicators for TB Control in Plateau State, Nigeria, 2016

“…Deficiencies of the health care workers in these essential elements will lead to non-adherence to treatment and noncompliant to the follow up sputum examination. Studies have shown that people who had history of failing to adhere to treatment in the first instance are more likely to fail subsequent treatments since the first failure might had been due to unresolved cause of poor compliance to treatment of drug resistance [35,36]. Similarly, patients who were lost to follow up might continue to interrupt their treatment if the cause for the initial interruption was not addressed.…”