A Retrospective Cohort Study on Surgical Outcomes of Penile Prosthesis Implantation Surgery in Transgender Men After Phalloplasty

Narrative review of penile prosthetic implant technology and surgical results, including transgender patients

“…Most recently, in 2019, results were released from a retrospective cohort study of 32 transgender men who elected to have a variety of penile prosthesis implants placed between 1989 and 2018 (94). The Coloplast Genesis (n=14), AMS Dynaflex (n=13), AMS Ambicor (n=3), and AMS Spectra (n=2) implants were placed.…”

Imaging in Gender Affirmation Surgery

“…These can be endoscopically dilated or, if recurrent, re-operated with a one-or two-stage repair using a buccal graft [18•]. Finally, if penile or testicular prostheses are employed, common complications include infection, implant failure, erosion through soft tissue, and implant migration [19]. For unclear reasons, the rate of prosthesis failure is higher in postoperative transgender patients compared to cis-gender individuals requiring prosthesis [20,21].…”

The Frontier of Penile Implants in Phalloplasty: Is the ZSI 475 FTM what we have been waiting for?

“…In terms of PP, both malleable and inflatable devices have been implanted. Hydraulic implants are often utilised due to the more natural appearance in the flaccid state, as well as because of the reduced apical pressure on the phallic tissues, thus minimising the risk of distal erosion [3][4][5]. It is not only erosion that poses a problem: it seems inequitable that cis-males whom require PP, whilst experiencing potential complications, are much less exposed to such problems than trans-gender males.…”

“…Six [3][4][5][6][10][11][12] major studies (implant n > 40) have been published on this topic, most of them being relatively small volume (implant n < 247, mean patient n = 97), retrospective, with high heterogeneity in terms of implant models, techniques and outcome measures [3][4][5][6][10][11][12] (Table 1).…”

“…Mechanical failure, cylinder malposition and erosion rates reported in GGAS are unfortunately significantly higher than those reported in genetic males. Mechanical failure develops in 5 to 22% of cases [3-6, 11, 12], malpositioning ranges from 4.4-19.4% [3][4][5][6] and erosion occurs in 4.2-8.1% [4][5][6]. These higher incidences of complications results in more frequent PP revision surgery, which has been described ranging from 37 to 44% (mean follow up 45 months).…”