A Retrospective Documentary Review Study of Bacterial Pathogen Resistance to Antimicrobials: A Six Months (July to December, 2016), at National Health Laboratory, Asmara, Eritrea

Seyoum, Yemane

doi:10.15406/jbmoa.2017.05.00133

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A retrospective study conducted in Eritrea in 2016, regarding bacterial pathogen resistance to antimicrobials, showed an overall growth of resistant bacteria is 37.4% [9]. One of the effective strategies to prevent AMR had been staying one step ahead of the pathogens through discovery of new antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors in the community of Asmara, Eritrea: a descriptive cross sectional survey

et al. 2019

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Background Development of drug resistance caused by self-medication with antibiotics, can be seen as one of the growing global threats. Self-medication is defined as the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. The purpose of this study is to assess the practice of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors among the community of Asmara, Eritrea. Methods This was a community based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 16 selected sub-districts of Asmara from September to November 2017. A Two-stage cluster sampling was employed to select study sites and participants. Data was collected in a face to face interview with a structured questionnaire and entered to CSPro version 6.2. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation and logistic regression were executed using SPSS version 22. Results A total of 580 study participants were recruited with a response rate of 99.5% ( N = 577). The prevalence of Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) in this study was found to be 45.1% [95% CI (40.5, 49.6)] and majority of them practiced once or twice in a period of 12 months. The main reasons for SMA were previous successful experience (34.4%) and the illness being ‘not serious enough to seek medical care’ (25.7%). Of those who self-medicated, 84.1% of used amoxicillin at least once. Wound infection (17.9%) and sore throat (13.9%) were the most self-recognized complaints that required self-medication. Antibiotics were supplied and recommended mostly by the community drug outlets. Only Sex ( p = 0.046), knowledge ( p = 0.019) and attitude ( p < 0.001) of the participants were found significantly associated with the practice of SMA in the multivariate logistic regression. Conclusions Though majority of the respondents considered self-medication with antibiotics as inappropriate practice, about half of them were practicing it anyway. Therefore immediate attention from relevant bodies is required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7020-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors in the community of Asmara, Eritrea: a descriptive cross sectional survey

et al. 2019

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“…A recent study [21] in Orotta national referral Hospital in Asmara found that most of the bacterial isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. According to this study the percentage of resistance to ampicillin in E. coli was (87.5%), Klebsiella spp (75%), Citrobacter (100%), Pseudomonas (81.8%) and Salmonella (100%) [21]. Another study conducted on the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus in Eritrea found that 85% were resistant to ampicillin [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of inpatient antibiotic use in Halibet National Referral Hospital using WHO indicators: a retrospective study

2018

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ObjectiveInappropriate use of antibiotics in primary care and hospital settings is a major contributing factor to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Many microorganisms were tested in Eritrea and have proven resistant to ampicillin. The aim of this study was to investigate the prescription pattern, hospital indicator and patient care indicator of antibiotics among hospitalized patients in Halibet National Referral Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea.ResultsThe data on prescription patterns showed 79% of hospitalizations had at least one antibiotic prescribed and on average 1.29 antibiotics were prescribed per hospitalization; prescribing using generic name was at 97%; all (100%) of the antibiotics were prescribed from the Eritrean National List of Medicines. On average an antibiotic was prescribed for 6.36 days (SD = 6.06). Ampicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (42.1%) and parenteral was the most common route prescribed (81.4%). The data on hospital indicators showed key antibiotics were out of stock on average for 78.18 days; 87.5% of key antibiotics were available on the day of the study. The data on patient care indicator showed patients taking antibiotics stayed in the hospital for 9.97 days (± 7.33 days).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-4000-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Evaluation of ceftriaxone use in the medical ward of Halibet National Referral and teaching hospital in 2017 in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross sectional retrospective study

Berhe

Amaha

Ghebrenegus³

2019

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Antibiotic resistance due to overuse of antimicrobials is an issue that has been of concern to many health institutions and society in general. Resistant infections have high impact in low income countries since they can’t afford more recent and expensive antibiotics. Studies that evaluate antibiotic use in hospitals are scarce in Eritrea. Ceftriaxone is commonly available in Halibet National Referral and teaching hospital (HNRTH). Resistance to this antibiotic would have a great impact on the hospital since there is no other available third generation cephalosporin or higher classes of antibiotics. Method A retrospective cross sectional design was used to evaluate the use of ceftriaxone in patients admitted to the medical ward in 2017. Clinical card number of inpatients who took ceftriaxone was extracted from the database of the Satellite Pharmacy Department of HNRTH and collected using a standardized data collection form. A descriptive analysis was employed and the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 20 was used for analysis. Results A total of 120 patients were taking ceftriaxone for various indications. There were 55 (50.5%) males and 54 (49.5%) females. 59.8% of the patients were treated in the range of 0–7 days. The mean age was 56 (SD: 20.7). On average patients were under treatment for 6 days. The proportion of patients taking ceftriaxone was 11.43% out of all admissions in the medical ward. One, two or three antibiotics were co-prescribed with ceftriaxone in 39.4%. The most commonly co-prescribed antibiotic was gentamycin, accounting for 16.4% of the co-administered antibiotics. The most common indications for ceftriaxone were pneumonia, sepsis, TB, and CHF. Ceftriaxone therapy was appropriate in 30 (27.5%) cases and 68 (62.4%) cases were inappropriate in any of the four parameters of assessment used. Conclusion Inappropriate use of ceftriaxone was found to be high in the hospital. This calls for establishment of hospital and national guidelines of antimicrobial treatment. Moreover drug restriction and antibiotic stewardship implementation in the hospital should be sought to prolong the lives of important drugs like ceftriaxone.

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A Retrospective Documentary Review Study of Bacterial Pathogen Resistance to Antimicrobials: A Six Months (July to December, 2016), at National Health Laboratory, Asmara, Eritrea

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors in the community of Asmara, Eritrea: a descriptive cross sectional survey

Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and associated factors in the community of Asmara, Eritrea: a descriptive cross sectional survey

Assessment of inpatient antibiotic use in Halibet National Referral Hospital using WHO indicators: a retrospective study

Evaluation of ceftriaxone use in the medical ward of Halibet National Referral and teaching hospital in 2017 in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross sectional retrospective study

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