A retrospective of plankton pumping systems, with notes on the comparative efficiency of towed nets

Powlik, James J.; John, Michael A. St.; Blake, Robert W.

doi:10.1093/plankt/13.5.901

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Several designs of this type of apparatus are described in the literature (Dixon & Robertson 1986;Powlik et al 1991), although such surface-mounted pump systems are not suitable when winter sea ice was present. The device developed here (¢gure 3) was constructed around a 100 mm mesh conical net and an inexpensive Rule 500 bilge pump (12 V, 2.4 A, moving 23.5 l min À1 ).…”

Section: (A) Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution, abundance and seasonality of pelagic marine invertebrate larvae in the maritime Antarctic

Stanwell-Smith

Peck

Clarke

et al. 1999

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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A survey of pelagic larvae was undertaken between November 1992 and February 1995 at Signy Island, Antarctica (60843' S, 45836' W). A diver-towed net and hand-held plankton pump were used at ¢ve sites of varying depths (6^30 m) and benthic substrata, in a combination of monthly and fortnightly samples. Overall larval ecological diversity was much higher than expected, with 131 morphologically distinct larval forms collected, apparently representing most of the benthic phyla present. The species richness observed is comparable with levels recorded at temperate latitudes, and higher than Arctic data and the implications for Thorson's rule (the inferred cline of reduced pelagic larval diversity towards high latitudes) is discussed. Larval abundances were low (mean 2.6 individuals per m 3 ), which were two to six orders of magnitude lower than peaks in comparable data from temperate and tropical zones. We suggest that the low abundances recorded are a re£ection of both slow developmental rates and a high dilution of larvae, reducing synchrony and spreading larvae over larger distances. Three seasonal periods, during which di¡erent larval types occur, have been identi¢ed. Summer, late summer and winter spawning strategies were discernible, and in some groups larvae occurred throughout the year.

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Section: (A) Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution, abundance and seasonality of pelagic marine invertebrate larvae in the maritime Antarctic

Stanwell-Smith

Peck

Clarke

et al. 1999

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Assessing larval concentration in conjunction with horizontal flow enables estimates of larval horizontal advective flux, important in studies of larval dispersal. Although pumps have some sampling biases (e.g., Powlik et al 1991;Liu et al 2005), a large-volume, fast intake rate pump as tested in this study should be far less selective than passive sediment traps in terms of collecting planktonic larvae (see discussion of pump sampling efficiency in Johannsson et al 1992). Pump sampling is well suited for short time series because multiple deployments can be conducted during a cruise, and far more individuals can be collected in a short time period than with a sediment trap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We pumped at 30 L min -1 over a filter comprised of 63-µm Nitex mesh, yielding ~40 m 3 pumped per day (Table 1). The inlet to the pump apparatus is oriented such that the pump draws down fluid from above; thus, the intake is not isokinetic with the ambient flow field, and plankton may have behavioral interactions with the intake flow field (e.g., escape response; Powlik et al 1991). However, the intake has a diameter of 3 cm, and intake velocity was ~71 cm s -1 , an order of magnitude greater than ambient horizontal flow speed and two to three orders of magnitude greater than larval swimming speeds (e.g., Chia et al 1984).…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a sediment trap and plankton pump for time‐series sampling of larvae near deep‐sea hydrothermal vents

Beaulieu

Mullineaux

Adams

et al. 2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Studies of larval dispersal and supply are critical to understanding benthic population and community dynamics. A major limitation to these studies in the deep sea has been the restriction of larval sampling to infrequent research cruises. In this study, we investigated the utility of a sediment trap for autonomous, time‐series sampling of larvae near deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. We conducted simultaneous deployments of a time‐series sediment trap and a large‐volume plankton pump in close proximity on the East Pacific Rise (2510‐m depth). Grouped and species‐specific downward fluxes of larvae into the sediment trap were not correlated to larval abundances in pump samples, mean horizontal flow speeds, or mean horizontal larval fluxes. The sediment trap collected a higher ratio of gastropod to polychaete larvae, a lower diversity of gastropod species, and over‐ or undercollected some gastropod species relative to frequencies in pump sampling. These differences between the two sampling methods indicate that larval concentrations in the plankton are not well predicted by fluxes of larvae into the sediment trap. Future studies of deep‐sea larvae should choose a sampling device based on specific research goals. Limited by battery power, a plankton pump in combination with a current meter is useful for estimating horizontal advective fluxes in short‐term (days to weeks) studies of larval dispersal. A sediment trap, selecting for larvae with downward trajectories, is more appropriate for studies of larval supply to the benthos. For some species, a time‐series sediment trap can collect sequential larval samples for long‐term studies (months to years) for correlation to larval settlement and recruitment patterns.

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“…The heterogeneous distribution of planktonic organisms, and the difficulty in sampling them is well known (Wiebe & Holland, 1968;Wiebe, 1970;Mackas & Boyd, 1979;Omori & Hamner, 1983). Towed nets sample greater volumes of water, and are more efficient than pump systems at sampling when densities are low (Powlik et al, 1991). However as nets become progressively clogged with trawl duration, the pressure wave preceding it through the water could possibly push organisms out of the way or provide a cue for active net avoidance (Fleminger & Clutter, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Go with the flow: tidal import and export of larvae from semi-enclosed bays

Jessopp

McAllen

2008

Hydrobiologia

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There is a growing body of evidence that suggests the effective functioning of marine reserves is dependent on the dispersal and recruitment of larvae. Enhanced production inside reserves is predicted to lead to a net larval export and increased settlement and recruitment outside reserve boundaries. However, larval retention in bays is also well documented. Since bays are increasingly being used as reserve areas, planktonic larvae of benthic marine invertebrates were sampled from two semi-enclosed marine reserves during flood and ebb tides to determine whether these bays are acting as net exporters of larvae. Neither reserve was a net importer or exporter of species richness, larval abundance or diversity, although one reserve showed a small export of species richness during the hours of darkness. Both reserves balanced the net import of some species with a net export of others, which was generally related to adult or larval abundance, although exceptions were found in one reserve. Significant effects of light were found, with the net import or export of some species occurring exclusively during either the hours of daylight or darkness. An increased understanding of larval sink-source dynamics in bays is essential for ensuring their effective use as marine reserves to meet specific conservation needs.

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A retrospective of plankton pumping systems, with notes on the comparative efficiency of towed nets

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The distribution, abundance and seasonality of pelagic marine invertebrate larvae in the maritime Antarctic

The distribution, abundance and seasonality of pelagic marine invertebrate larvae in the maritime Antarctic

Comparison of a sediment trap and plankton pump for time‐series sampling of larvae near deep‐sea hydrothermal vents

Go with the flow: tidal import and export of larvae from semi-enclosed bays

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