A Retrospective Study of Clinical, Physiologic and Immunologic Changes in Workers Exposed to Toluene Diisocyanate

Porter, Charles V.; Higgins, Robert L.; Scheel, Lester D.

doi:10.1080/0002889758507230

Cited by 63 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Wide -ranging prevalence estimates for isocyanate -induced asthma in occupationally exposed workers were reported between industries: 5-10% in diisocyanate production facilities (Porter et al, 1975;Weill, 1979), 25% in PU production plants (Adams, 1975;Weill, 1979 ), and 30% in PU seatcover operation (White et al, 1980 ). These discrepancies in asthma prevalence for TDI -related workers might be due to varied exposure conditions in their working environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toluene diisocyanate concentration investigation among TDI-related factories in Taiwan and their relations to the type of industry

Yeh

Shih

Tsai

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Objectives: To determine nationwide 2,4 -and 2,6 -toluene diisocyanates ( TDI ) concentrations among polyurethane ( PU ) resin, PU foam, and other TDIrelated industries in Taiwan. The ratios of 2,4 -/ 2,6 -TDI and the noncarcinogenic risk among these three industries were also investigated. Method: Personal and fixed -area monitoring of TDI concentrations as well as questionnaires were performed for 26 factories in Taiwan. The modified OHSA 42 method was applied in sampling and analysis. Noncarcinogenic hazard index was estimated for these three industries based on the average concentration measurements. Results: Significant differences of TDI concentrations were found among the three industry categories. For personal monitoring, PU foam was found to have the highest TDI levels [ 18.6 ( ± 33.6 ) and 22.1 ( ± 42.3 ) ppb for 2,4 -and 2,6 -TDI ], Others average [ 8.3 ( ± 18.9 ) and 10.2 ( ± 17.2 ) ppb ], and PU resin lowest [ 2.0 ( ± 3.5 ) and 0.7 ( ± 1.2 ) ppb ]. The estimated average hazard indices were found to be 310 -3310. Conclusion: A substantial percentage of airborne TDI concentrations among in Taiwan industries exceeded current TDI occupational exposure limit, and significant difference of TDI levels were found among the three industry categories. The control remedy for the tasks of charging and foaming should be enforced with the highest priority. A separate 2,6 -TDI exposure standard is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toluene diisocyanate concentration investigation among TDI-related factories in Taiwan and their relations to the type of industry

Yeh

Shih

Tsai

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Die Induktion der Sensibilisierung ist individuell dosisabhängig (Diller 1990). Bei TDI-Exposition unter 0,01-0,02 ml/m 3 werden im allgemeinen keine neuen Fälle von TDI-Asthma beobachtet (Karol 1981;Olsen et al 1989;Porter et al 1975). Allerdings wird auch die Induktion einer bronchialen Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt diskutiert (Diller 1990).…”

Section: Atemtraktunclassified

Toluylendiisocyanate [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1999]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 28. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1999 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Wirkungsmechanismus Toxikokinetik und Metabolismus Erfahrungen beim Menschen Einmalige Exposition Wiederholte Exposition Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Tierexperimentelle Befunde und In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen Akute Toxizität Subakute, subchronische und chronische Toxizität Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Bewertung

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“…18,21 Respiratory sensitization from exposure to diisocyanates results in the typical symptoms of asthma. Estimates of the prevalence of diisocyanate-induced asthma in exposed worker populations vary considerably; from 5% to 10% in diisocyanate production facilities, 22,23 to 25% in polyurethane production plants 22,24 and 30% in polyurethane seatcover operations. 25 A worker suspected of having diisocyanate-induced sensitization will present with symptoms of traditional acute airway obstruction; e.g., coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, nocturnal awakening, etc.…”

Section: Diisocyanate-induced Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

HETA 95-0406-2609, Matrix Auto Body, Englewood, Colorado.

1996

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This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports This Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) report and any recommendations made herein are for the specific facility evaluated and may not be universally applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved. applicable. Any recommendations made are not to be considered as final statements of NIOSH policy or of any agency or individual involved.Additional HHE reports are available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports ii PREFACEThe Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch of NIOSH conducts field investigations of possible health hazards in the workplace. These investigations are conducted under the authority of Section 20(a)(6) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. 669(a)(6) which authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services, following a written request from any employer or authorized representative of employees, to determine whether any substance normally found in the place of employment has potentially toxic effects in such concentrations as used or found.The Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch also provides, upon request, technical and consultative assistance to Federal, State, and local agencies; labor; industry; and other groups or individuals to control occupational health hazards and to prevent related trauma and disease. Mention of company names or products does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Copies of this report have been sent to employee and management representatives at Matrix and the OSHA Regional Office. This report is not copyrighted and may be freely reproduced. Single copies of this report will be available for a period of three years from the date of this report. To expedite your request, include a self-addressed mailing label along with your written request to: Measurements made included personal breathing-zone (PBZ) and area airborne levels of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI) monomer and oligomers, various solvents (including n-butyl acetate, toluene, xylene, and ethyl acetate), total dust (paint over spray), metals (from welding), co, and noise. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND AVAILABILITY OF REPORTAll HDI monomer samples from August 1995 and March 1996 were below the analytical limit of detection None...

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A Retrospective Study of Clinical, Physiologic and Immunologic Changes in Workers Exposed to Toluene Diisocyanate

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Toluene diisocyanate concentration investigation among TDI-related factories in Taiwan and their relations to the type of industry

Toluene diisocyanate concentration investigation among TDI-related factories in Taiwan and their relations to the type of industry

Toluylendiisocyanate [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1999]

HETA 95-0406-2609, Matrix Auto Body, Englewood, Colorado.

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