A retrospective study of the relationship between childhood asthma and respiratory infection during gestation

Hughes, Chloe; Jones, Rupert; Wright, Dave; Dobbs, Frank

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00662.x

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Seven cohort studies, [1,12–16,19] 2 case–control studies, [17,18] and 1 cross-sectional study [2] were included in the analysis. Publishing year ranged from 1999 to 2015.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies [2,12,13,15,17] used questionnaires (of which 3 studies [13,15,17] specified “report of physician-diagnosed asthma or eczema”), and 5 [1,14,16,18,19] studies diagnosed by physician or medical record review. Participant age range varied between studies, including 2 to 5 years, [14] 15 to 17 years, [15] 3 to 14 years, [2] and 5 to 16 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participant age range varied between studies, including 2 to 5 years, [14] 15 to 17 years, [15] 3 to 14 years, [2] and 5 to 16 years. [18] Others were at a single time ranging from 1 to 8 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-analysis of antenatal infection and risk of asthma and eczema

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Medicine

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“…Seven cohort studies, [1,12–16,19] 2 case–control studies, [17,18] and 1 cross-sectional study [2] were included in the analysis. Publishing year ranged from 1999 to 2015.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meta-analysis of antenatal infection and risk of asthma and eczema

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Medicine

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“…The mechanisms behind such protections are being investigated, and maternal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has recently been shown to be an important participant (22). Maternal infections with parasites (23), viruses (24), and exposure to viral antigens (25) during gestation have also been recently shown to modulate the immune response in the offspring in both helpful and harmful ways. These data, along with observations from probiotic intervention studies (to be discussed in detail below), show that maternal microbial exposure during gestation may lead to long-term health consequences for the offspring by influencing fetal immune development.…”

Section: Gestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microbes in Developmental Immunologic Programming

2011

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ABSTRACT:The role of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract has undergone significant modification in the past few decades with new observations from clinical, epidemiologic, and basic science research. We now know that the perception of these gut microbes as pathogens or even as commensals is somewhat outdated. It is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiome plays an important role in a host of activities including digestion, protection from potentially pathogenic organisms, and the regulation and development of the host immune system. The complex interactions between microbes and host combined with recent clinical observations and epidemiologic trends may point to the convergence of two well-supported (though imperfect) hypotheses: the "hygiene hypothesis" and the "fetal programming hypothesis." We are beginning to understand that exposure to microbes before conception, during gestation, and in the neonatal period have profound effects on the developing immune system. Recent observations from a variety of fields help support the expansion of the "fetal programming hypothesis" to a host-microbe corollary that microbe-host interactions at critical windows influence the future immune phenotype, the maintenance of immune health, and the development of immune-mediated disease. (Pediatr Res 69: 465-472, 2011)

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“…For example, we previously showed that immune responses can contribute to the severity of pulmonary inflammatory responses in Mycoplasma respiratory disease, while at the same time preventing dissemination of the infection to extrapulmonary sites (10). Furthermore, immunity is central to the development of respiratory allergies and asthma (11,12), in which infectious agents and environmental factors appear to affect the susceptibility or severity of these conditions (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Thus, immunity can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on respiratory disease, and it is critical to understand the factors that influence immune responses that can impact the progression and prevention of respiratory diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Pulmonary Environment Promotes Th2 Cell Responses After Nasal-Pulmonary Immunization with Antigen Alone, but Th1 Responses Are Induced During Instances of Intense Immune Stimulation

Jones

Hodge

Fujihashi

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of the CD4+ Th cell responses induced after nasal-pulmonary immunization, especially those coinciding with previously described pulmonary inflammation associated with the use of the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT). The major T cell population in the lungs of naive mice was CD4+, and these cells were shown to be predominantly of Th2 type as in vitro polyclonal stimulation resulted in IL-4, but not IFN-γ, production. After nasal immunization with influenza Ag alone, Th2 cytokine mRNA (IL-4 and IL-5) levels were increased, whereas there was no change in Th1 cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-γ) mRNA expression. The use of the mucosal adjuvant, CT, markedly enhanced pulmonary Th2-type responses; however, there was also a Th1 component to the T cell response. Using in vitro Ag stimulation of pulmonary lymphocytes, influenza virus-specific cytokine production correlated with the mRNA cytokine results. Furthermore, there was a large increase in CD4+ Th cell numbers in lungs after nasal immunization using CT, correlating with the pulmonary inflammatory infiltrate previously described. Coincidentally, both macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1β mRNA expression increased in the lungs after immunization with Ag plus CT, while only MIP-1β expression increased when mice were given influenza Ag alone. Our study suggests a mechanism to foster Th1 cell recruitment into the lung, which may impact on pulmonary immune responses. Thus, while Th2 cell responses may be prevalent in modulating mucosal immunity in the lungs, Th1 cell responses contribute to pulmonary defenses during instances of intense immune stimulation.

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A retrospective study of the relationship between childhood asthma and respiratory infection during gestation

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Meta-analysis of antenatal infection and risk of asthma and eczema

Meta-analysis of antenatal infection and risk of asthma and eczema

The Role of Microbes in Developmental Immunologic Programming

The Pulmonary Environment Promotes Th2 Cell Responses After Nasal-Pulmonary Immunization with Antigen Alone, but Th1 Responses Are Induced During Instances of Intense Immune Stimulation

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