A retrospective study of the clinical hematology and the serum biochemistry tests made on canine dirofilariasis cases in an animal hospital population in Bangkok, Thailand

Niwetpathomwat, Anuchai; Kaewthamasorn, Morakot; Tiawsirisup, Sonthaya; Techangamsuwan, Somporn; Suvarnvibhaja, Siram

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.09.002

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Statistically significant hematological alterations and ALP increase in dogs infected with D. repens are similar to those observed in other filarial disease, especially D. immitis infections ( 13 ), so the pathogenicity, as claimed by other authors ( 5 , 14 ), is rather correlated with Mf than the presence of adult parasites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It also might be connected to inflammation-associated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in suppression of erythrocytes production and inhibition of iron absorption and utilization ( 16 ). Lower thrombocyte count may be due to platelet consumption or presence of antiplatelet antibodies observed in dogs infected with other vector-borne diseases ( 17 ) or might be assigned to immune-mediated platelet destruction as reported in dogs infected with D. immitis ( 13 ). Lymphopenia was not only observed in infected patients in this study but also reported in another dog infected with D. repens ( 5 ) and during other canine-borne vector diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dogs Naturally Infected With Dirofilaria repens

et al. 2020

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Subcutaneous dirofilariosis is a zoonotic disease emerging throughout Europe caused by the filarial nematode Dirofilaria repens . Despite its increasing prevalence, there is a large gap in knowledge of the impact of the parasite on the host. Currently classified as being non-pathogenic, recent evidence suggests that skin dirofilariosis is associated with dermatological conditions including concomitant pruritus, neoplastic processes, inflammation, and even blindness in dogs and humans. The aim of this study was to determine if natural canine D. repens infection leads to biological changes in the canine host. In a real-life veterinary clinic setting, animals are often presented to clinicians for unrelated issues, and D. repens is incidentally identified during inspection. As such, we compared hematological and biochemical parameters of 218 uninfected and 197 dogs naturally infected with D. repens . Interestingly, animals infected with D. repens had lower numbers of lymphocytes ( p < 0.001), red blood cells ( p < 0.001), and thrombocytes ( p = 0.025), decreased hematocrit ( p < 0.001), and increased alkaline phosphatase ( p = 0.016) and creatinine activity ( p = 0.023) compared to uninfected dogs. We further selected a subpopulation of 214 dogs having prima facie hematological and biochemical results within normal reference ranges to evaluate the effect of D. repens infections in seemingly healthy dogs. Among these patients, 93 dogs infected with D. repens had lower numbers of lymphocytes ( p = 0.031), red blood cells ( p = 0.025), and hematocrit ( p = 0.002), higher glucose levels ( p = 0.023), and border line elevated alkaline phosphatase levels ( p = 0.054) compared to 121 uninfected animals. Despite being categorized as asymptomatic, we have observed hematological and biochemical changes associated with D. repens infections in dogs, and our data suggest that dirofilariosis may induce a state of chronic stress. These results link the presence of skin dirofilariosis to biological changes in the canine host, suggesting a mechanism for pathogenicity and shedding new light on the host–parasite relationship.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dogs Naturally Infected With Dirofilaria repens

et al. 2020

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“…However, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio may be affected in both directions by an excitement response with epinephrine release due to animal capture, as leucocytes are released from the marginal into the circulating pool ( Thrall et al., 2006 ), which may have masked effects due to parasitism. Eosinophils typically show an increase as a response to helminth infection ( Nutman, 2007 ), and high values have been measured in the course of filarial infections in dogs and humans ( Mackenzie, 1980 , Niwetpathomwat et al., 2007 ). Elevations may also occur in the course of babesiosis ( Vercammen et al, 1997 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoparasites in a wild primate: Infection patterns suggest interaction of Plasmodium and Babesia in a lemur species

Springer

Fichtel

Calvignac‐Spencer

et al. 2015

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Hemoparasites can cause serious morbidity in humans and animals and often involve wildlife reservoirs. Understanding patterns of hemoparasite infections in natural populations can therefore inform about emerging disease risks, especially in the light of climate change and human disruption of natural ecosystems. We investigated the effects of host age, sex, host group size and season on infection patterns of Plasmodium sp., Babesia sp. and filarial nematodes in a population of wild Malagasy primates, Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi), as well as the effects of these infections on hematological variables. We tested 45 blood samples from 36 individuals and identified two species of Plasmodium, one species of Babesia and two species of filarial nematodes. Plasmodium spp. and Babesia sp. infections showed opposite patterns of age-dependency, with babesiosis being prevalent among young animals, while older animals were infected with Plasmodium sp. In addition, Babesia sp. infection was a statistically significant negative predictor of Plasmodium sp. infection. These results suggest that Plasmodium and Babesia parasites may interact within the host, either through cross-immunity or via resource competition, so that Plasmodium infections can only establish after babesiosis has resolved. We found no effects of host sex, host group size and season on hemoparasite infections. Infections showed high prevalences and did not influence hematological variables. This preliminary evidence supports the impression that the hosts and parasites considered in this study appear to be well-adapted to each other, resulting in persistent infections with low pathogenic and probably low zoonotic potential. Our results illustrate the crucial role of biodiversity in host-parasite relationships, specifically how within-host pathogen diversity may regulate the abundance of parasites.

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“…Niwetpathomwat et al (2007) determined an increase in ALP and BUN values; whereas they did not mention about any abnormality in the values of ALT, AST, and creatinin in their study. In this present study, serum biochemistry was found different in four dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This result makes us consider that sedimentation velocity may be benefited in the evaluation of the prognosis of D. immitis infection. Niwetpathomwat et al (2007) reported that, in a study they performed, a general leukocytosis table was seen in dogs with D. immitis, and they added that, although eosinophila and neutrophilia could be seen, the percent of distribution of leukocyte showed individual differentiations. In our study, leukocytosis was seen in Nos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: unusually located and unusual findings

et al. 2007

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Clinical, blood, serum biochemistry, and parasitological assessments were performed on four hospitalized dogs, not in good general condition, in a study carried out to determine the prevalence of general parasitic infections. Hematological and biochemical parameters and electrocardiographic recording of the animals were determined during the general clinical examinations. Four dogs were indicated to have been infected with Dirofilaria immitis by using modified Knott's method, and the microfilarial density was determined. Mild to moderate anemia and decrease in sedimentation velocity were established in dogs. Differences in other hematological and biochemical values between the dogs were determined. Right axis deviation was determined in a dog. D. immitis was encountered in the right ventricle, bronchus, and the pericardial sac at the end of the necropsy. On the other hand, in the histopathological examinations, pulmonary adenocarcinoma deriving from bronchial epithelium was identified in a dog, and microfilaria was encountered in bronchial and bronchiolar lumens, interstitium of the lungs, and bile ducts. D. immitis has not been considered in the diagnosis of dogs with pneumonia and tumors. The requirement of parasitological examination with respect to D. immitis in the diagnosis of dogs with tumor or pneumonia has been considered vital.

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A retrospective study of the clinical hematology and the serum biochemistry tests made on canine dirofilariasis cases in an animal hospital population in Bangkok, Thailand

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dogs Naturally Infected With Dirofilaria repens

Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dogs Naturally Infected With Dirofilaria repens

Hemoparasites in a wild primate: Infection patterns suggest interaction of Plasmodium and Babesia in a lemur species

Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: unusually located and unusual findings

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