Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important course of COPD and an important cause of death in COPD patients. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has done a lot of explorations and researches in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, and compared with the conventional treatments of Western medicine, the treatment of TCM has more significant efficacy in the improvement of patients' clinical symptoms, lung function and quality of life. In this paper, we searched the clinical studies on the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the past 10 years, and elaborated on the etiology and pathogenesis of COPD, identification and typing of COPD, and therapeutic methods, and summed up the rules of TCM medication in the prevention and treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD, so that we can provide clinical ideas and theoretical guidance for the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD by TCM in the future.