“…The fluorescence intensity of PV decreased in presence of rGO. This might be due to the electrostatic interaction between photochemically produced PV Å+ and negatively charged rGO which result in fluorescence quenching with stepwise addition of rGO [39,40]. These results proves that as-formed PV-rGO nanocomposites is highly stabilized by strong electrostatic and p-p stacking interactions between PV 2+ and rGO as well as well-established viologen cation-p electron (rGO) interactions [41] (Fig.…”