A Review and Economic Analysis of Different Emission Reduction Techniques for Marine Diesel Engines

Issa, Mohamad; Ibrahim, Hussein; Ilinca, Adrian; Hayyani, M. Yasser

doi:10.4236/ojms.2019.93012

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There are also a number of degradation concerns associated with "High Idle" operation (low load/low temperature) of DGs that must be corrected for. 23,24 Low-load (30% or less of maximum continuous power rating (MCPR)) and/or varying load operations of a DG can affect degradation by exposing the DG to non-ideal conditions such as lower operational temperatures and lower cylinder pressure. 25 Optimal operating conditions are easiest to maintain between 40 and 80% of the MCPR of the generator.…”

Section: Extending Generator Life and Reducing Oandm Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Adverse emissions are also a concern at low loads. 24 These are known issues, and many corrective methods have been used in industry for decades such as increasing back pressure, capacity modulation, intake preheating, and exhaust gas recirculation to name a few. 23 Capacity modulation in particular, or "artificially" increasing the load on the generator to an acceptable minimum level, is one common approach.…”

Section: Extending Generator Life and Reducing Oandm Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of energy storage with diesel generation in remote communities

Trevizan

Headley

Geer

et al. 2021

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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Highlights Battery energy storage may improve energy efficiency and reliability of hybrid energy systems composed by diesel and solar photovoltaic power generators serving isolated communities. In projects aiming update of power plants serving electrically isolated communities with redundant diesel generation, battery energy storage can improve overall economic performance of power supply system by reducing fuel usage, decreasing capital costs by replacing redundant diesel generation units, and increasing generator system life by shortening yearly runtime. Fast-acting battery energy storage systems with grid-forming inverters might have potential for improving drastically the reliability indices of isolated communities currently supplied by diesel generation. Abstract This paper will highlight unique challenges and opportunities with regard to energy storage utilization in remote, self-sustaining communities. The energy management of such areas has unique concerns. Diesel generation is often the go-to power source in these scenarios, but these systems are not devoid of issues. Without dedicated maintenance crews as in large, interconnected network areas, minor interruptions can be frequent and invasive not only for those who lose power, but also for those in the community that must then correct any faults. Although the immediate financial benefits are perhaps not readily apparent, energy storage could be used to address concerns related to reliability, automation, fuel supply concerns, generator degradation, solar utilization, and, yes, fuel costs to name a few. These ideas are shown through a case study of the Levelock Village of Alaska. Currently, the community is faced with high diesel prices and a difficult supply chain, which makes temporary loss of power very common and reductions in fuel consumption very impactful. This study will investigate the benefits that an energy storage system could bring to the overall system life, fuel costs, and reliability of the power supply. The variable efficiency of the generators, impact of startup/shutdown process, and low-load operation concerns are considered. The technological benefits of the combined system will be explored for various scenarios of future diesel prices and technology maintenance/replacement costs as well as for the avoidance of power interruptions that are so common in the community currently. Graphic abstract Discussion In several cases, energy storage can provide a means to promote energy equity by improving remote communities’ power supply reliability to levels closer to what the average urban consumer experiences at a reduced cost compared to transmission buildout. Furthermore, energy equity represents a hard-to-quantify benefit achieved by the integration of energy storage to isolated power systems of under-served communities, which suggests that the financial aspects of such projects should be questioned as the main performance criterion. To improve battery energy storage system valuation for diesel-based power systems, integration analysis must be holistic and go beyond fuel savings to capture every value stream possible.

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Section: Extending Generator Life and Reducing Oandm Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extending Generator Life and Reducing Oandm Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of energy storage with diesel generation in remote communities

Trevizan

Headley

Geer

et al. 2021

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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“…Maintenance requirements for the SCR system include regular cleaning of soot blowers and injection nozzles and filters in the urea handling system [47]. However, the costs associated with these activities are negligible [56]. In contrast, the activity of the catalyst decreases with time, resulting in costly repairs where the catalyst is replaced.…”

Section: Selective Catalytic Reduction Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Abatement Technology Selection, Routing and Speed Optimization of Hybrid Ships

Ritari

Spoof-Tuomi

Huotari

et al. 2021

JMSE

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This paper evaluates the effect of a large-capacity electrical energy storage, e.g., Li-ion battery, on optimal sailing routes, speeds, fuel choice, and emission abatement technology selection. Despite rapid cost reduction and performance improvement, current Li-ion chemistries are infeasible for providing the total energy demand for ocean-crossing ships because the energy density is up to two orders of magnitude less than in liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, limited distance zero-emission port arrival, mooring, and port departure are attainable. In this context, we formulate two groups of numerical problems. First, the well-known Emission Control Area (ECA) routing problem is extended with battery-powered zero-emission legs. ECAs have incentivized ship operators to choose longer distance routes to avoid using expensive low sulfur fuel required for compliance, resulting in increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The second problem evaluates the trade-off between battery capacity and speed on battery-powered zero-emission port arrival and departure legs. We develop a mixed-integer quadratically constrained program to investigate the least cost system configuration and operation. We find that the optimal speed is up to 50% slower on battery-powered legs compared to the baseline without zero-emission constraint. The slower speed on the zero-emission legs is compensated by higher speed throughout the rest of the voyage, which may increase the total amount of GHG emissions.

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“…Generator-configured diesel engines are usually designed for medium to high engine load operations. The low-charge operations will increase operational problems and hence the level of damage [11]. It is also expected that the new exhaust pollution regulations worsen the negative effects of low-charge operations [12].…”

Section: Glazing Cylindermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low Charge and Environmental Conditions on Diesel Generators Operation

Issa

Ibrahim

Hosni³

et al. 2020

Eng

Self Cite

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In the context of electricity production in remote areas, the use of diesel generators, either alone or in hybridization with renewable energy sources, faces many technical problems. Indeed, the electrical instability that often characterizes the isolated networks, due to the fluctuating character of renewable resources and the high variability in the load profile, leads to the operation of the diesel generator in transient dynamic conditions, at low loads or outside prescribed environmental conditions. Furthermore, the extended operation of the diesel generator at low charge results in the condensation of combustion residues on the engine cylinder walls, which, after a certain time, increases friction, reduces the efficiency and increases fuel consumption. One way to solve this problem and to eliminate these deposits is to operate the engine at a higher speed until the operating temperature is reached. This paper explores the impact of the wind turbine penetration rate for hybrid wind–diesel systems and the effects of cold temperatures, high altitude, and other environmental operation conditions on diesel generators’ performances. We outlines the impacts of low load and environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, humidity, moisture, abrasive dust, cold and corrosive environments on the operation of modern diesel generators. The problem has been approached by examining the existing literature, researching damage cases, analyzing existing data, and assessing industrial experiences.

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A Review and Economic Analysis of Different Emission Reduction Techniques for Marine Diesel Engines

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Integration of energy storage with diesel generation in remote communities

Integration of energy storage with diesel generation in remote communities

Emission Abatement Technology Selection, Routing and Speed Optimization of Hybrid Ships

Effects of Low Charge and Environmental Conditions on Diesel Generators Operation

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