A Review and Proposed Nomenclature for Major Proteins of the Milk-Fat Globule Membrane,

Abstract

The characteristics and possible functions of the most abundant proteins associated with the bovine milk-fat globule membrane are reviewed. Under the auspices of the Milk Protein Nomenclature Committee of the ADSA, a revised nomenclature for the major membrane proteins is proposed and discussed in relation to earlier schemes. We recommend that proteins be assigned specific names as they are identified by molecular cloning and sequencing techniques. The practice of identifying proteins according to their Mr, electrophoretic mobility, or staining characteristics should be discontinued, except for uncharacterized proteins. The properties and amino acid sequences of the following proteins are discussed in detail: MUC1, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, CD36, butyrophilin, adipophilin, periodic acid Schiff 6/7 (PAS 6/7), and fatty acid binding protein. In addition, a compilation of less abundant proteins associated with the bovine milk-fat globule membrane is presented.

Buffalo (Bubalus bubilis) colostrum and milk fat globule membrane fractions are potent antioxidants

“…An in depth knowledge functional properties of milk compounds is a prerequisite in the design of such foods. Further development of economically viable industrial processes in the production of bioactive milk components is critical challenge to the food technologists [21,23,24]. The results obtained in the present study showcases the superior beneficial health effects of the CFGM over the MFGM.…”

“…The molecular mass of major bands on the gel was estimated in comparison with the mobility of molecular weight standards. Based on the nomenclature recommended by Mather [21] the following major polypeptide bands corresponding to mucin 1 (Mr, 194 kDa), xanthine oxidase (Mr, 145 kDa), PAS III (Mr, 94kDa), PAS IV (Mr, 78 kDa), butyrophilin (Mr, 67kDa), PAS 6 (Mr, 50 kDa), PAS 7 (Mr, 47 kDa) and FABP (Mr, 15 kDa) were identified with other minor proteins. The FGM fractions from both colostrums and milk were assayed for their antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging and reducing power assays.…”

“…The CFGM exhibited higher scavenging and reductive capacity when compare to MFGM. In the gel, protein bands ranging in molecular weight from 47 to 200 kDa were found to be major FGM proteins and remaining are casein and whey protein except FABP (Mr, 15 kDa) according to Mather [21].…”

“…Beneficial properties have been reported for even the membrane encasing the milk-fat. Adipophilin (milk synthesis), butyrophilin (multiple sclerosis suppression), cluster of differentiation (glycoprotein receptors), fatty acid binding protein (FABP; cell growth-inhibitor, anti-cancer factor, as selenium carrier), lactadherin (epithelialization, cell polarization, cell movement and rearrangement, synaptic activity, antiviral activity in gut), mucin (strong antiviral properties), xanthine oxidase/reductase (bactericidal agent) are the major FGM proteins [21]. Vitamin E and carotenoids, constituents of FGM, are antioxidative in nature [22].…”

Effect of cream pasteurization, microfiltration and enzymatic proteolysis on in vitro cholesterol-lowering activity of buttermilk solids

“…Individual proteins were identified using a pre-stained SDS-PAGE MW broad range standard (Bio-Rad laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). The protein bands were assigned according to Mather [14]. Lipids were extracted using a gravimetric extraction method [10], then weighed and diluted in 2:1 chloroform:methanol mixture to a final lipid concentration of 10 mg·mL −1 .…”