A Review and Proposed Treatment Approach for the Young Athlete at High Risk for the Female Athlete Triad

Abstract

As sports medicine and health care professionals we have a responsibility to promote health and well-being in all the athletes we treat. The child or adolescent athlete who struggles with one or more aspects of the female athlete triad (Triad) may be at particular risk. This condition occurs on a spectrum and includes three interrelated components: energy availability, menstrual regularity and bone density. The domains of healthy nutrition, exercise and well-being form a cohesive foundation for skill development and may prevent development of the Triad interrelated aspects. By developing specific skills in each area, a younger athlete can earn a "safety badge" for safe sports participation which supports resilience and balance. Specific guidelines and expectations for the athlete in these three areas are outlined and can improve communication and treatment outcomes. Helping the athlete and family understand the importance of skill acquisition in these areas will promote treatment cohesion. Prevention through education of health care providers, the athletic community and parents is the key to success. The younger athlete should be evaluated for signs of the Triad during pre-participation physicals, yearly exams or any time one of the Triad interrelated aspects is present.