A review and research on fuel cell electric vehicles: Topologies, power electronic converters, energy management methods, technical challenges, marketing and future aspects

İnci, Mustafa; Büyük, Mehmet; Demir, Mehmet Hakan; İlbey, Göktürk

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110648

Cited by 355 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 268 publications

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“…Next studies aimed at evaluating the feasibility of SOFC use as 5 kW el APU also for passenger cars [78]. Due to quite long start-times, they are not suitable for fuel cell electric cars, where 100 kW el PEMFCs are successfully applied, consuming around 0.8 kg of hydrogen per 100 km with an expected lifetime of 20-25 years [79]. The railway sector is also dominated by low-temperature fuel cells: 300 kW el PEMFCs are commonly used in a hybrid solution with batteries [80].…”

Section: Technology Readiness Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operating Principles, Performance and Technology Readiness Level of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Bianchi¹,

Bosio²

2021

Sustainability

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The continuous increase of energy demand with the subsequent huge fossil fuel consumption is provoking dramatic environmental consequences. The main challenge of this century is to develop and promote alternative, more eco-friendly energy production routes. In this framework, Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) are a quite attractive technology which could satisfy the users’ energy request working in reversible operation. Two operating modes are alternated: from “Gas to Power”, when SOCs work as fuel cells fed with hydrogen-rich mixture to provide both electricity and heat, to “Power to Gas”, when SOCs work as electrolysers and energy is supplied to produce hydrogen. If solid oxide fuel cells are an already mature technology with several stationary and mobile applications, the use of solid oxide electrolyser cells and even more reversible cells are still under investigation due to their insufficient lifetime. Aiming at providing a better understanding of this new technological approach, the study presents a detailed description of cell operation in terms of electrochemical behaviour and possible degradation, highlighting which are the most commonly used performance indicators. A thermodynamic analysis of system efficiency is proposed, followed by a comparison with other available electrochemical devices in order to underline specific solid oxide cell advantages and limitations.

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Section: Technology Readiness Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operating Principles, Performance and Technology Readiness Level of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Bianchi¹,

Bosio²

2021

Sustainability

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“…In [37]- [70], EMS simply deals with the partial or overall management / control of a device, a section or the entire systemthat is, from when, where and how the energy / power is generated, used, processed, converted and or stored. Furthermore, some housekeeping such as thermal management is carried-out as well.…”

Section: Energy Management Systems / Storage (Emss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Review and Research on FCEVs: Topologies, Power Electronic Converters, EMS Methods, Technical Challenges, Marketing and Future Aspects Analyzed extensively in [70], fuel cells are the future especially for FCEV as shown in Figure 44a. In this respect, a comprehensive study of types of FCs with electric motors are explained with focus on their areas of applications, diagnostic properties and working environments.…”

Section: Fcevs -A Brief Review Of Current Topologies and Ems Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As per [37]- [70], EMSs are essential to manage the power converters to ensure maximum power is transferred to the load, the bus is stable and the energy / power supply system is efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sorlei et al, 2021) [69] Used FCs and energy storage devices as well as power converters and EMS techniques to sustain hybrid electric vehicle dynamic power. Study 3.16 (M. İnci et al, 2021)[70]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Power Converters and EMS for Fuel Cells CCHP Applications: A Structural and Extended Review

Bayendang¹,

Kahn²,

Balyan³

2021

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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Fuel Cells (FCs) and Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) systems are becoming very popular due to their environmental friendliness and immense applications. This extended review paper commenced by introducing the rampant South Africa's electricity crisis as the basis for the study, followed by some structural analyses of up to forty-four miscellaneous power electronics converters case studies applicable to fuel cells including at least sixteen FCs energy management systems (EMS) applicable case studies. The review rationale is to determine innovative best practices that can be applied to devise an efficient power converter and EMS for an energy efficient FC CCHP system. From these analyses, it is realized that each power converter and EMS scheme has its merits and demerits depending on the targeted applications and most importantly the research project objectives − that is, whether the goals are to reduce costs, enhance efficiency, reduce size, boost performance, simplicity, durability, reliability, safety etc. Therefore, the conclusion drawn is, there is no "one size fits all" approach, as all the various reviewed case studies reported relatively good results based on their chosen schemes for their targeted applications. Notwithstanding, this review highlights are, i) the interleaved boost converter and variants as well as ii) the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique; are the most widely used schemes, as they are reasonably effective and simple to implement. The contributions brought forward are i) an apt single reference study that presents a quick topological insight and synopsis of assorted FCs power converters as well as EMS and ii) our proffered FC CCHP system undergoing research to offer an innovative energy efficient solution for basic household energy needs such as electricity, heating, cooling and lighting.

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Energy Storage Technologies and Control Systems for Electric Vehicles

Baba,

Naoui,

Cherkaoui

2024

Interconnected Modern Multi‐Energy Networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems

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A review and research on fuel cell electric vehicles: Topologies, power electronic converters, energy management methods, technical challenges, marketing and future aspects

Cited by 355 publications

References 268 publications

Operating Principles, Performance and Technology Readiness Level of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Operating Principles, Performance and Technology Readiness Level of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Power Converters and EMS for Fuel Cells CCHP Applications: A Structural and Extended Review

Energy Storage Technologies and Control Systems for Electric Vehicles

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