A Review: Electrochemical Aptasensors with Various Detection Strategies

Abstract

The combinatorial chemical synthesis offers in vitro aptamer generation with limitless aptamer selection for various analytes. Additionally, aptamer has quite many outstanding properties as the biomolecular recognition elements, thus competing with traditional affinity ligands (enzyme, antibodies, lectins etc.) in biological and medicine employments. This article reviews the advancements in electrochemical aptasensors for biomolecule monitoring, emphasizing the efficient detection strategies of sandwich structure formation using two recognition elements to capture and label target respectively, EIS measuring the electronic transfer resistance change, the aptamer conformation change triggering the electrochemical signal on/off and target molecules displacing electroactive markers.

Voltammetric aptasensors for protein disease biomarkers detection: A review

“…The electrochemical transduction presents considerable advantages over optical, piezoelectric or thermal detection (Deng et al, 2013a;Radi, 2011), such as high sensitivity and selectivity, the ability to work with turbid samples, compatibility with novel microfabrication technologies, inherent miniaturization, disposability and accuracy, simplicity, robustness, possibility of usage for on-line control, fast response, and relatively low manufacturing cost; thus making electrochemical aptasensors extremely attractive for diagnostic and use in point-ofcare devices, in addition to simultaneous multi-analyte detection (Arshak et al, 2009;Radi, 2011;Saberian et al, 2011;Song et al, 2008;Velasco-Garcia and Missailidis, 2009;Velusamy et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2009).…”

“…However, some studies suggest that it depends on the particular aptamer, although the 3′-end could be more suitable for biological targeting since it is the primary target for exonucleases and its binding to the solid support would simultaneously confer resistance to nucleases (Hayat and Marty, 2014;Hianik and Wang, 2009;Velasco-Garcia and Missailidis, 2009). These immobilization methods allow obtaining a stable, flexible and repeatable aptamer layer on the surface (Radi, 2011;Xu et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2011).…”

Aptasensors Based on Stripping Voltammetry

“…Biosensors are the devices used to detect the presence of a target by using a biological recognition element in direct spatial contact with a transducer; when transduction is electrochemical we talk of electrochemical biosensors [1][2][3]. The key point for biosensor performance is molecular-specific recognition.…”

Label-free electrochemical detection of prostate-specific antigen based on nucleic acid aptamer

“…(Famulok and Mayer, 2011) Among various aptamer-based transduction techniques, electrochemistry has been extensively investigated. (Willner and Zayats, 2007;Hianik and Wang, 2009;Sassolas et al 2009;Xu et al 2009;Lubin and Plaxco, 2010;Palchetti and Mascini, 2012;Tang et al 2014) Most works have focused on a model protein, thrombin (a protease involved in coagulationrelated reactions), using redox labels such as ferrocenyl, (Acero et al 2006) redox intercalators, (De Rache et al 2013) or even label-free. (Yao et al 2013) Among these works, a careful study of the analytical performance of a thrombin aptasensor was made using selfassembled thiolated probes on gold surfaces.…”