A review of 4D printing

Momeni, Farhang; Hassani.N, Seyed M.Mehdi; Liu, Xun; Ni, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.068

Cited by 905 publications

(498 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…22). Shapeshifting behaviour can undergo more complex actuations; however, the current information regarding the folding deformation is still relatively limited [2]. Reversibility of the transformation has been relatively unexplored, especially for applications that require cycles of folding and unfolding, or wetting and drying.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4D printing is defined as the use of AM to produce stimuli-responsive parts that can shape change or function change from one form to another when subject to appropriate stimuli without reliance on robotics or electromechanical devices [1]. 4D printed component is time-dependent yet predictable [2]. The transformation is due to the properties of stimulusresponsive materials that can react to fluctuations in the external environment and generate a response in geometry change (Fig.…”

Section: Printing: a Radical Shift In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The concept of 4D printing relies predominantly on five factors-the AM process, types of stimulus-responsive material, stimuli, interaction mechanism, and mathematical modelling [2]. The use of AM processes enables freeform objects to be produced directly from digital information without the need for intermediate shaping tools.…”

Section: Printing: a Radical Shift In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Technological considerations for 4D printing: an overview

2018

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Abstract4D printing utilizes additive manufacturing methods to produce stimulus-responsive components that can change its shape from one to another when subject to appropriate stimuli. The use of 4D printing technology is expected to significantly become more widespread with more applications across bio-medical, aerospace, and defence industries. This paper discusses emerging applications for 4D printing and suitable stimulus-responsive materials for 4D printing. In terms of designing for 4D printing, aspects of the shape memory effect (SME) including one-way SMEs, two-way SMEs and three-way SMEs are presented. Materials and structures in the form of homogenous compositions and heterogeneous compositions are discussed, as well as different types of shape-shifting behaviours such as self-folding, self-assemblies, and self-dis-assemblies. Finally, current software and examples are presented together with the existing limitations that need to be overcome to achieve widespread adoption of 4D printing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Printing: a Radical Shift In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Printing: a Radical Shift In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technological considerations for 4D printing: an overview

2018

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“…There are four core elements involved in modeling of 4D printed materials including print path, desired (final) shape, ink properties, and stimulus properties. [85] Two different strategies have been used in such mathematical modeling, forward problem, and inverse problem approaches. [34] In forward problem approach, final shape of material is unknown while in inverse problem method print path is unknown.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Future Perspectives in 4D Bioprinting

Ashammakhi

Ahadian

Fan

et al. 2018

Biotechnology Journal

197

106

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Three-dimensionally printed constructs are static and do not recapitulate the dynamic nature of tissues. Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged to include conformational changes in printed structures in a predetermined fashion using stimuli-responsive biomaterials and/or cells. The ability to make such dynamic constructs would enable an individual to fabricate tissue structures that can undergo morphological changes. Furthermore, other fields (bioactuation, biorobotics, and biosensing) will benefit from developments in 4D bioprinting. Here, the authors discuss stimuli-responsive biomaterials as potential bioinks for 4D bioprinting. Natural cell forces can also be incorporated into 4D bioprinted structures. The authors introduce mathematical modeling to predict the transition and final state of 4D printed constructs. Different potential applications of 4D bioprinting are also described. Finally, the authors highlight future perspectives for this emerging technology in biomedicine.

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“…Recent review articles have been published on varying aspects of this field, which are beyond the scope of the current review. The reader is directed to these review articles for further investigation [12, 13, 17, 25–27]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D printing of polymeric materials for tissue and organ regeneration

et al. 2017

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Four dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology with great capacity for fabricating complex, stimuli-responsive 3D structures, providing great potential for tissue and organ engineering applications. Although the 4D concept was first highlighted in 2013, extensive research has rapidly developed, along with more-in-depth understanding and assertions regarding the definition of 4D. In this review, we begin by establishing the criteria of 4D printing, followed by an extensive summary of state-of-the-art technological advances in the field. Both transformation-preprogrammed 4D printing and 4D printing of shape memory polymers are intensively surveyed. Afterwards we will explore and discuss the applications of 4D printing in tissue and organ regeneration, such as developing synthetic tissues and implantable scaffolds, as well as future perspectives and conclusions.

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A review of 4D printing

Cited by 905 publications

References 77 publications

Technological considerations for 4D printing: an overview

Technological considerations for 4D printing: an overview

Advances and Future Perspectives in 4D Bioprinting

4D printing of polymeric materials for tissue and organ regeneration

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