2021
DOI: 10.3390/technologies9040077
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A Review of 4IR/5IR Enabling Technologies and Their Linkage to Manufacturing Supply Chain

Abstract: Over the last decade, manufacturing processes have undergone significant change. Most factory activities have been transformed through a set of features built into a smart manufacturing framework. The tools brought to bear by the fourth industrial revolution are critical enablers of such change and progress. This review article describes the series of industrial revolutions and explores traditional manufacturing before presenting various enabling technologies. Insights are offered regarding traditional manufac… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…The rate of change is the deciding element. One can identify a qualitative shift in the pace of development that ushers in a new historical period by relating the rate of technological advancement to socioeconomic and infrastructure changes that follow [19]. Smart sensors are gadgets that provide data and enable additional functionality, such as selfauditing and self-configuration as well as condition monitoring of intricate operations.…”
Section: Fig-6 Market Trends Of 3d Printingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The rate of change is the deciding element. One can identify a qualitative shift in the pace of development that ushers in a new historical period by relating the rate of technological advancement to socioeconomic and infrastructure changes that follow [19]. Smart sensors are gadgets that provide data and enable additional functionality, such as selfauditing and self-configuration as well as condition monitoring of intricate operations.…”
Section: Fig-6 Market Trends Of 3d Printingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, this uses machine learning knowledge heavily. Deep learning is part of this focus area (Dargan et al 2019;Mokesioluwa et al 2021;Sawangsri et al 2018) this is going on, numerous network architectures, including Overfeat, AlexNet, VGG, ResNet and GoogleLeNet, have been thoroughly researched to boost performance. To varied degrees, they all improve detection performance over the fundamental R-CNN, increasing the viability of real-time and accurate object detection (Szegedy et al 2015).…”
Section: Building An Intelligent Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Intelligent systems come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including autonomous vacuums like the iRobot, Amazon's customized shopping recommendations, facial recognition software, etc. The three different forms of intelligent systems are: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) which has a constrained set of skills, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) which is on par with human abilities and Artificial Super-Intelligence (ASI) which is more intelligent than humans (Mokesioluwa et al 2021;Sawangsri et al 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is characterized by the blurring of boundaries between the physical, digital and biological spheres (Schwab, 2016). Also, it combines advancements in blockchain, 3D printing, the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, quantum computing and other technologies (Fanoro et al, 2021).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%