A Review of Advances in Triaxial Tests: Instruments, Test Techniques and Prospects

Bai, Jitao; Diao, Yun-Peng; Jia, Chenhang; Liu, Chongyang; Zhang, Menghan; Wang, Chu

doi:10.1007/s12205-022-1345-1

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…These apparatuses can control hydrate generation and decomposition, as well as allow for real-time measurement of specimen stress−strain. 89 The improved test apparatus can perform triaxial shearing tests under different stress paths and the influence of multiple factors. Scholars have investigated the effects of different influencing factors and test conditions on the mechanical properties of HBS, such as hydrate saturation, effective confining pressure, pore water pressure, the overconsolidation ratio (OCR), temperature, and other external factors.…”

Section: Excess Gas Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, it can be seen that the hydrate triaxial shearing system is capable of achieving real-time regulation of confining pressure, maintaining hydrate generation and decomposition required the temperature and pressure environment. These apparatuses can control hydrate generation and decomposition, as well as allow for real-time measurement of specimen stress–strain …”

Section: Triaxial Shear Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical Properties of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments Influenced by Multiple Factors: A Comprehensive Review of Triaxial Tests

Zeng,

Kong,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Natural gas hydrate (NGH) has the characteristics of low pollution and large reserves, which is considered as a very promising energy source. The extraction of NGH would cause the strength and stiffness reduced in hydrate-bearing sediment (HBS) reservoirs, which could lead to geological disasters. The mechanical properties of HBS have been studied by a large number of scholars, but it has not been sorted out and summarized for HBS under the influence of multiple factors. In this paper, the hydrate types, synthesis methods, and test conditions are summarized. The effects of hydrate saturation, loading rate, temperature, pore pressure, confining pressure, fine content, and clay content on mechanical properties and deformation behavior of HBS are outlined. The microstructure of the synthesis, decomposition, and shear processes of HBS specimens is also analyzed based on the CT triaxial shear test system, and the microscopic mechanism of HBS specimens in the shearing process is summarized. Finally, the shortcomings of current research on the mechanical properties of HBS are discussed, and provided corresponding suggestions to promote the development of the mechanical properties of HBS.

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Section: Excess Gas Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Triaxial Shear Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments Influenced by Multiple Factors: A Comprehensive Review of Triaxial Tests

Zeng,

Kong,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Figure 3 illustrates the operational process for the three-axis compression test Bai et al, 2022;Zheng et al, 2022). 1) To configure soil particles, dry the sample in an electric hot-air drying oven at 125 °C for 20 h, crush the soil using a crusher, and select the particle size with a 1 mm sieve.…”

Section: Triaxial Compression Test Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deviatoric stress-strain curve construction with strain-softening account via the damage-modified Duncan-Chang, arctangent and informer models: a comparative analysis

Teng,

Zhou,

Teng

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Engineering construction in cold regions cannot be separated from permafrost research. This study aimed to determine the mechanical properties and changing laws of artificially frozen clay through triaxial tests. Two models have been established: a physical model based on the tradi-tional phenomenological constitutive theory and a deep learning model based on the data-driven constitutive theory, taking into account the softening phenomenon. The accuracy and applica-bility of the models were verified, followed by a comparative analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows. The Duncan-Chang model can describe the characteristics of the hardening-type deviatoric stress-strain curve, but it cannot describe the characteristics of the softening-type de-viatoric stress-strain curve. The Modified Duncan-Chang (MDC) model fails to accurately de-scribe the characteristics of a smooth deviatoric stress-strain curve. The Strain-Damage Modified Duncan-Chang (SD-MDC) model exhibits a good fit in both the ascending and descending seg-ments of the curve, but it lacks effectiveness in the convergence segment of the S-shaped sof-tening curve. For this reason, this paper has chosen the arctangent function to establish a Strain-Damage Modified arctangent constitutive model (SD-MAM). This model accurately re-flects the stress evolution process of different types of frozen soils. Additionally, the Informer time series prediction algorithm was utilized to develop the Informer permafrost deviatoric stress prediction model which achieved an R2 value above 99%. In comparison to the SD-MAM model, the Informer model demonstrates higher precision, does not rely on assumptions, is cost-effective, and has a wide range of applications. However, it lacks physical meaning, and interpretability, and requires further discussion regarding the reliability of the results. This study offers valuable insights into the development and application of constitutive models for frozen soils.

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“…Triaxial tests are widely regarded as the most appropriate approach for researching the mechanical properties of rocks and soils in laboratory settings. [12]. Many scholars have studied the relationship between shear strength and suction by controlling suction in triaxial tests under constant matric suction conditions [13,14], constant water content conditions [15,16], and true triaxial conditions [7,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation and Strength of Unsaturated Loess—Hydraulic Coupling Effects under Loads

Chai,

Li,

Qin

et al. 2024

Water

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The volumetric change in unsaturated loess during loading causes serious damage to the foundation and structure, accompanied by changes in hydraulic conditions. Therefore, quantifying the change in the load effect of loess under hydraulic coupling is of great significance for revealing the mechanism of hydraulic interaction. This study conducts isotropic compression and undrained shear tests on unsaturated compacted loess, simultaneously introducing the strength parameter η to enhance the Glasgow coupled model (GCM). The objective is to elucidate the hydraulic and mechanical coupling mechanism, where saturation increases under mechanical effects lead to strength degradation. The results show that saturation increases under mechanical effects improve the compressibility of the sample, and saturation has a direct impact on the stress–strain relationship. The increase in water content and confining pressure increases the trend of the critical state stress ratio M decreasing, and the strain softening trend increases. The compression of volume during shear tests increases the saturation, changes the hydraulic characteristics of loess, and affects the deformation and strength of loess. The modified GCM improves the applicability and prediction accuracy of unsaturated loess under the same initial state. The research results are of great significance for revealing the hydraulic and mechanical behavior of loess.

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A Review of Advances in Triaxial Tests: Instruments, Test Techniques and Prospects

Cited by 19 publications

References 148 publications

Mechanical Properties of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments Influenced by Multiple Factors: A Comprehensive Review of Triaxial Tests

Mechanical Properties of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments Influenced by Multiple Factors: A Comprehensive Review of Triaxial Tests

Deviatoric stress-strain curve construction with strain-softening account via the damage-modified Duncan-Chang, arctangent and informer models: a comparative analysis

Deformation and Strength of Unsaturated Loess—Hydraulic Coupling Effects under Loads

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