A review of aerosol optical properties and radiative effects

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Although some studies reported the impact of black carbon (BC) on the climate over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the contribution and mechanisms of BC affecting the water vapor transport to Tibet are not fully understood yet. Here, utilizing the satellite observations and reanalysis data, the effects of BC on the climate over the TP and water vapor transport to the Tibet were investigated by the Community Earth System Model (CESM 2.1.0). Due to the addition of BC, a positive net heat forcing (average is 0.39 W/m2) is exerted at the surface, which induces a pronounced warming effect over the TP and consequently intensifies the East Asian Summer monsoon (EASM). However, significant cooling effects in northern India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran are induced due to the BC and related feedbacks, which reduces significantly the meridional land–sea thermal contrast and finally weakens the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM). Consequently, the water vapor transport to the south border is decreased due to addition of BC. Moreover, through affecting the atmospheric circulation, the BC could induce an increase in the imported water vapor from the west and east borders of the TP, and an increase outflowing away from the north border of the TP. Overall, due to the BC, the annual mean net importing water vapor over TP is around 271 Gt, which could enhance the precipitation over the TP. The results show that the mean increase in the precipitation over TP is about 0.56 mm/day.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and Mechanisms of Black Carbon Affecting Water Vapor Transport to Tibet

Luo

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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“…Despite the small mass or volume fraction of aerosols in the atmosphere, these aerosols can directly or indirectly influence the radiation budget of the Earth-atmosphere system (Bréon et al, 2002;Jiang & Feingold, 2006), further contributing to weather and climate changes (Rosenfeld et al, 2014). The direct effect of aerosols is induced by the scattering of solar radiation and absorption of solar shortwave and longwave radiation (Davidi et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2011Liu et al, , 2013Liu et al, , 2014. Aerosols indirectly influence the radiation budget by affecting cloud microphysical processes, and this influence is one of the most uncertain radiative factors used to predict the Earth's climate systems (IPCC, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aerosols on the Ice Cloud Properties Over the Tibetan Plateau

Jia

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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With the highlight of environmental problems over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), aerosol pollution and the influence of this pollution on cloud properties are becoming a new area of research. Based on the aerosol index and cloud property parameters derived from satellite observations, in this study, the inconsistent effects of aerosols on ice cloud properties between daytime and nighttime over the TP are investigated. The results indicate that ice clouds are mainly distributed over the TP margin area, especially over the north slope, during both daytime and nighttime. The occurrence frequency of ice cloud is higher during the daytime than during the nighttime over the margin areas of the TP. Similarly, aerosols are mainly concentrated over the northern margin of the TP. A potential relationship may exist between the aerosol index and ice cloud properties. When the aerosol index increases from 0.05 to 0.17, the ice cloud droplet radius (ICDR) during the daytime decreases from 32.1 to 27.9 μm, while the ICDR during the nighttime remains almost constant (approximately 25 μm); furthermore, the ice water path (IWP) during the daytime decreases slightly due to the saturation effect, while the nocturnal IWP increases significantly. The changes in ice cloud optical depth (ICOD) during daytime and nighttime show significant and completely opposite trends. The removal of the influence of meteorological factors showed that aerosols have a more dominant influence than meteorological conditions on ice cloud properties (except for the nocturnal ICDR and IWP during the daytime).

“…The solid curve represents the location with maximum westerly wind speed at each longitude for climatology of 1981-2010, and the pentagram represents the location with maximum westerly wind speed. Note that the climatology of 200-hPa zonal winds was presented in Figure S5 large influences on temperature in China for the regional scales (Su et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2013;Bi et al, 2014;Huang et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014Liu et al, , 2015Huang et al, 2016b). In addition, the cloud-radiation feedback was suggested to have induced enhanced warming over the Tibetan Plateau during the recent warming hiatus (Duan and Xiao, 2015).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are some connections between the aerosols and the atmospheric circulations (Li et al , ; Lin et al , ; Zhang et al , ), and the aerosols also can influence the regional SST, such as over the North Pacific (Yeh et al , ). The aerosols were also suggested to have large influences on temperature in China for the regional scales (Su et al , ; Liu et al , ; Bi et al , ; Huang et al , ; Liu et al , , ; Huang et al , ). In addition, the cloud‐radiation feedback was suggested to have induced enhanced warming over the Tibetan Plateau during the recent warming hiatus (Duan and Xiao, ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From accelerated warming to warming hiatus in China

Xie

Huang

Intl Journal of Climatology

2016

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As the recent global warming hiatus has attracted worldwide attention, we examined the robustness of the warming hiatus in China and the related dynamical mechanisms in this study. Based on the results confirmed by the multiple data and trend analysis methods, we found that the annual mean temperature in China had a cooling trend during the recent global warming hiatus period, which suggested a robust warming hiatus in China. The warming hiatus in China was dominated by the cooling trend in the cold season, which was mainly induced by the more frequent and enhanced extreme‐cold events. By examining the variability of the temperature over different time scales, we found the recent warming hiatus was mainly associated with a downward change of decadal variability, which counteracted the background warming trend. Decadal variability was also much greater in the cold season than in the warm season, and also contributed the most to the previous accelerated warming. We found that the previous accelerated warming and the recent warming hiatus, and the decadal variability of temperature in China were connected to changes in atmospheric circulation. There were opposite circulation changes during these two periods. The westerly winds from the low to the high troposphere over the north of China all enhanced during the previous accelerated warming period, while it weakened during the recent hiatus. The enhanced westerly winds suppressed the invasion of cold air from the Arctic and vice versa. Less frequent atmospheric blocking during the accelerated warming period and more frequent blocking during the recent warming hiatus confirmed this hypothesis. Furthermore, variation in the Siberian High and East Asian winter monsoon season supports the given conclusions.