A Review of Air Pollution Mitigation Approach Using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API)

Abstract

Air pollution is a global environmental issue, and there is an urgent need for sustainable remediation techniques. Thus, phytoremediation has become a popular approach to air pollution remediation. This paper reviewed 28 eco-friendly indigenous plants based on both the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API), using tolerance level and performance indices to evaluate the potential of most indigenous plant species for air pollution control. The estimated APTI ranged from 4.79 (Syzygium malaccense) to 31.75 (Psidium guajava) among the studied indigenous plants. One of the selected plants is tolerant, and seven (7) are intermediate to air pollution with their APTI in the following order: Psidium guajava (31.75) > Swietenia mahogany (28.08) > Mangifera indica L. (27.97) > Ficus infectoria L. (23.93) > Ficus religiosa L. (21.62) > Zizyphus Oenoplia Mill (20.06) > Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (19.01) > Ficus benghalensis L. (18.65). Additionally, the API value indicated that Mangifera indica L. ranges from best to good performer; Ficus religiosa L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. from excellent to moderate performers; and Cassia fistula L. from poor to very poor performer for air pollution remediation. The Pearson correlation shows that there is a positive correlation between API and APTI (R2 = 0.63), and this implies that an increase in APTI increases the API and vice versa. This paper shows that Mangifera indica L., Ficus religiosa L., and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. have good potential for sustainable reduction in air pollution for long-term management and green ecomanagement development.

Assessment of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API) of selected roadside plant species for the green belt development at Ratnagiri City in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India

“…For the particular tolerant plant species for green belt development, grades (+, -) have been allocated to the plant species according to the nal values. API, percentage score, and grade allocation were done according to several studies (Enitan et al, 2022;Malav et al, 2021;Rai and Panda, 2014;Govindaraju et al, 2012).…”

“…(Source:Enitan et al, 2022) Statistical AnalysisStandard deviation & correlation and regression were performed by using MS Excel 2007 and VassarStats (http://vassarstats.net/).…”

A biochemical and morphological study with multiple linear regression modeling–based impact prediction of ambient air pollutants on some native tree species of Haldwani City of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

“…Air pollution is amongst the serious emerging threats to the modern civilized world (Wróblewska and Jeong 2021 ; Malav et al 2022 ), imposing long-term toxicological impacts on the entire environment by influencing biodiversity, well-being of living organisms, and climate (Giri and Pant 2018 ; Banerjee et al 2022 ; Enitan et al 2022 ; Mor et al 2022 ). Anthropogenic activities such as transportation, industries, residential energy usage, and biomass burning are predominant sources of air pollutants emission (Kashyap et al 2018 ; Javanmard et al 2020 ; Ojha et al 2020 ; Giri et al 2021 ).…”

“…About 99% of the world’s population (WHO 2022 ) and 95% of India’s population live in areas where air pollution levels exceed as per WHO guidelines, thus making it a significant global issue (Health Effects Institute 2019 ). According to epidemiological research, air pollution can lead to cardiovascular, neurological, and pulmonary disorders, and in severe cases, it may cause cancer, premature deaths, and life expectancy reduction (He et al 2017 ; Liu et al 2020 ; Enitan et al 2022 ). Globally, air pollution is responsible for the rising mortality rate and is liable for approximately 4.2 million premature deaths (Giri and Pant 2019 ; Diener and Mudu 2021 ; Mor et al 2022 ).…”

“…Trees are significantly impacted by the exposure of various air pollutants such as particulate matters, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, etc. These pollutants can damage trees by clogging stomata and cause leaf and needle losses (Enitan et al 2022 ). Additionally, air pollution can damage tree roots, making trees more susceptible to stress and disease (Mandal and Dhal 2022 ).…”