A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects

Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Jahan, Shamin Ara; Kabir, Ehsanul; Brown, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.019

Cited by 1,984 publications

(873 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) consist in a large class of ubiquitous 30 pollutants that are released during incomplete combustions (Kim et al, 2013) (Table 1). Questions related with the 130 use of personal protective equipment during fire combat and suppression were also included.…”

Section: Introduction 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firefighters’ exposure biomonitoring: Impact of firefighting activities on levels of urinary monohydroxyl metabolites

Oliveira

Slezáková

Alves

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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1The concentrations of six urinary monohydroxyl metabolites (OH-PAHs) of polycyclic 2 aromatic hydrocarbons, namely 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-hydroxyacenaphthene, 2-3 hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene (1OHPy), and 3-4 hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, were assessed in the post-shift urine of wildland firefighters involved 5 in fire combat activities at six Portuguese fire corporations, and compared with those of non-6 exposed subjects. Overall, median levels of urinary individual and total OH-PAHs (ΣOH-7 PAHs) suggest an increased exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during firefighting 8 activities with ΣOH-PAH levels in exposed firefighters 1.7 to 35 times higher than in non-9 exposed ones. Urinary 1-hydroxynaphthalene and/or 1-hydroxyacenapthene were the 10 predominant compounds, representing 63-98% of ΣOH-PAHs, followed by 2-11 hydroxyfluorene (1-17%), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-13%), and 1OHPy (0.3-10%). A similar 12 profile was observed when gender discrimination was considered. Participation in fire combat 13 activities promoted an increase of the distribution percentage of 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 1-14 hydroxyacenaphthene, while contributions of 1-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1OHPy decreased. 15The detected urinary 1OHPy concentrations (1.73×10 -2 -0.152 µmol/mol creatinine in exposed 16 subjects versus 1.21×10 -2 -5.44×10 -2 µmol/mol creatinine in non-exposed individuals) were 17 lower than the benchmark level (0.5 µmol/mol creatinine) proposed by the American 18Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. This compound, considered the biomarker 19 of exposure to PAHs, was the less abundant one from the six analyzed biomarkers. Thus the 20 inclusion of other metabolites, in addition to 1OHPy, in future studies is suggested to better 21 estimate firefighters' occupational exposure to PAHs. Moreover, strong to moderate 22 Spearman correlations were observed between individual compounds and ΣOH-PAHs 23 corroborating the prevalence of an emission source. 24 25

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Section: Introduction 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firefighters’ exposure biomonitoring: Impact of firefighting activities on levels of urinary monohydroxyl metabolites

Oliveira

Slezáková

Alves

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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“…It should be noted that the industrial site is located in a coastal city-Dalian where the air quality is well than other four cities (Shenyang, Anshan, Jinzhou and Fushun). Kim et al (2013) also indicated that the highest values for atmospheric PAHs are generally found when industrial, rather than traffic or residential, contributions are dominant. Because the sources of PAHs are almost related to combustion (Kim et al, 2013), the specific local sources may lead to the differences of PAH concentrations for different sites in a city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al (2013) also indicated that the highest values for atmospheric PAHs are generally found when industrial, rather than traffic or residential, contributions are dominant. Because the sources of PAHs are almost related to combustion (Kim et al, 2013), the specific local sources may lead to the differences of PAH concentrations for different sites in a city. Therefore, the comparison studies of atmospheric PAHs in different functional zones are necessary for establishing effective controlling measures in an urban area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds comprised of two or more fused benzene rings arranged in various configurations and they are of great concern as their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity (Kim et al, 2013). For their control through air quality management, guided levels of BaP in the USA (Ravindra et al, 2008), European Union (Hien et al, 2007;Ravindra et al, 2008), UK (Sin et al, 2003;Hien et al, 2007), Italy (Sin et al, 2003), WHO (WHO, 2002) and China (MEP, 2012) have been set.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 at a coal-based industrial city: Implication for PAH control at industrial agglomeration regions, China

Wang

Chen

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Research

132

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“…PAHs are classified as priority substances in the air due to their proven carcinogenic and mutagenic effects [11][12][13][14]. The main sources of PAHs in the air in urbanized areas are the following: processes related to energy consumption (burning solid and liquid fuels), incomplete combustion of organic compounds, chemical processes, waste incineration, forest fires, tobacco smoke, and chemical reactions in the atmosphere [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a selected athletic hall: ambient concentrations, origin and effects on human health

Kuskowska

Rogula–Kozłowska

Rogula-Kopiec

2018

E3S Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The paper presents the results of research on the concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with total suspended particles (TSP) and their respirable fraction (PM4) in one of the Warsaw sports halls. Samples of dust were collected for 15 days simultaneously inside and outside (atmospheric air) of the sports hall. The obtained data allowed calculating diagnostic ratios indicating the origin of the PAHs and selected indicators of cumulative exposure to the PAH mixture. Both PM and PAH in the surveyed area were derived from the combustion of solid fuels; this involved pollution both in the atmospheric air and in the air inside the sports hall. It has been shown that the exposure of sports hall users to PAHs is significantly higher than the exposure resulting from concentrations recorded in the atmospheric air.

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A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects

Cited by 1,984 publications

References 87 publications

Firefighters’ exposure biomonitoring: Impact of firefighting activities on levels of urinary monohydroxyl metabolites

Firefighters’ exposure biomonitoring: Impact of firefighting activities on levels of urinary monohydroxyl metabolites

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 at a coal-based industrial city: Implication for PAH control at industrial agglomeration regions, China

Particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a selected athletic hall: ambient concentrations, origin and effects on human health

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