A review of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and reconstructive techniques. Part 1: Basic science

Abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a common soft tissue knee injury, often affecting young athletic individuals keen to return to pre-injury levels of function. Increasing sporting activity is reflected by an increasing incidence of anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Although treatment has advanced considerably over the years, there are still a number of contentious issues that are considered in this review. The anterior cruciate ligament is a dense band of connective tissue, comprising an anteromedial and posterolateral bundle based on tibial insertion sites. It is important to appreciate the position and orientation of these bundles at the time of reconstructive surgery. The bundles, with their load sharing behaviour through knee flexion, affect antero-posterior and rotational stability of the knee. In the first part of this review, we consider the clinical presentation of anterior cruciate ligament injury and relevant anatomy, knee kinematics, mechanism of injury and incidence of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures.

Review of magnetic resonance imaging features of complications after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

“…A tunnel placed too anteriorly predisposes the graft to impingement against the roof of the intercondylar notch during extension. (4) Review of magnetic resonance imaging features of complications after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction…”

Long-term hydrolytic degradation study on polymer-based embroidered scaffolds for ligament tissue engineering

“…Using autologous tissue of the semitendinosus or the patellar tendon is actually the standard reconstruction approach for the most frequent ligament injury of the knee joint, a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) [1–5]. Many disadvantages such as donor site morbidity [6], biomechanical differences [7] and long rehabilitation [8] result in the application of artificial ligaments made of non-degradable biomaterials like the Leeds-Keio or ABC ligament [9–11].…”