A review of antidiabetic active thiosugar sulfoniums, salacinol and neokotalanol, from plants of the genus Salacia

Morikawa, Toshio; Ninomiya, Kiyofumi; Tanabe, Genzoh; Matsuda, Hisashi; Yoshikawa, Masayuki; Muraoka, Osamu

doi:10.1007/s11418-021-01522-0

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Saponins at 1.3 mg/100 g from Solanum anguivi fruit strongly inhibited lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, thus preventing hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress ( 35 ). Diabetic rats treated with Solanum lycocarpum fruit extract at 1000 mg/kg resulted in reduced levels of blood glucose and also reduced food and water intake ( 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiabetic activity of Solanum torvum fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Satyanarayana¹,

Chinni

Gobinath

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundSolanum torvum Swartz, a medicinal plant belonging to the family Solanaceae, is an important medicinal plant widely distributed throughout the world and used as medicine to treat diabetes, hypertension, tooth decay, and reproductive problems in traditional systems of medicine around the world including Malaysia. The objective of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic, antilipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities, histopathology of the pancreas, and specific glucose regulating gene expression of the ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats.Materials and methodsAcute toxicity study was done according to OECD-423 guidelines. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Experimental diabetic rats were divided into six different groups; normal, diabetic control, and glibenclamide at 6 mg/kg body weight, and the other three groups of animals were treated with oral administration of ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruit at 120, 160, and 200 mg/kg for 28 days. The effect of ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruit on body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, liver enzymes, histopathology of pancreas, and gene expression of glucose transporter 2 (slc2a2), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) was determined by RT-PCR.ResultsAcute toxicity studies showed LD50 of ethanolic extract of S. torvum fruit to be at the dose of 1600 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, serum alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly reduced, whereas high-density lipoproteins were significantly increased in S. torvum fruit (200 mg/kg)-treated rats. Histopathological study of the pancreas showed an increase in number, size, and regeneration of β-cell of islets of Langerhans. Gene expression studies revealed the lower expression of slc2a2 and PCK1 in treated animals when compared to diabetic control.ConclusionEthanolic extract of S. torvum fruits showed hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activity in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Histopathological studies revealed regeneration of β cells of islets of Langerhans. Gene expression studies indicated lower expression of slc2a2 and PCK1 in treated animals when compared to diabetic control, indicating that the treated animals prefer the gluconeogenesis pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiabetic activity of Solanum torvum fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Satyanarayana¹,

Chinni

Gobinath

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…The experiment was performed according to the method described in our previous report [18,20]. A human small intestinal microsome (batch MIC318017, purchased from BIOPREDIC International, Rennes, France) in 0.1 M maleate buffer (pH 6.0) was used to determine the activity of maltase, a small intestinal α-glucosidase.…”

Section: Glucosidase Inhibitory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies on the antidiabetic effects of silkworm powder [10,11], the extract from the green cocoon shell of silkworm [12,13], and the silkworm protein sericin [14,15], have been reported. During characterization studies on in vivo screening trials, we have identified extracts and their isolates from several natural medicines such as Kochia scoparia [16], plants of the genus Salacia [17][18][19][20], Borassus flabellifer [21], Solanum lycocarpum [22], Sinocrassula indica [23], Shorea roxburghii [24], Cistanche tubulosa [25,26], Helichrysum arenarium [27], and Camellia sinensis [28], which showed suppressive effects on blood glucose level elevation in models using sugar-loaded rats and/or mice. Continuing the studies on the search for antidiabetic constituents from natural medicines, we revealed that methanol and the hot-water extracts of BF and BB showed suppressive effects on elevated serum glucose level in sucrose-loaded rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressive effects of Bombycis Feces (bombyx feces) and Bombyx Batryticatus (stiff silkworm) extracts on blood glucose level elevation in disaccharides‐loaded rats

Matsuda

Nagatomo

Hatakeyama

et al. 2023

Traditional & Kampo Medicine

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AimBombycis Feces (BF) and Bombyx Batryticatus (BB) are traditional medicines derived from silkworm. We investigated the suppressive effects of BF and BB extracts on elevated blood glucose levels in disaccharide‐loaded rats.MethodsEffects of BF and BB extracts on serum glucose levels in sugar‐loaded rats and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice were recorded, and several glucosidase inhibitory activities were determined in vitro by comparing with those of the natural medicines obtained from the mulberry plant (e.g., Mori Folium, Mori Cortex, and Mori Fructus).ResultsBF and BB methanol extracts were found to suppress the elevated blood glucose level in sucrose‐loaded mice, whereas they did not exhibit any activity in the glucose‐loaded model and in the STZ‐induced model. Through the bioassay‐guided separation of the BF methanol extract using sucrase and maltase inhibitory activities, several pseudo‐sugars, including 1‐deoxynojirimycin (1), fagomine (2), and cis‐5‐hydroxy‐L‐pipecolic acid (3) were isolated as the active constituents. Oral administration (10 mg/kg) of constituent 1 simultaneous to sucrose loading in rats was found to significantly suppress elevation of the serum glucose level.ConclusionBF and BB extracts were found to inhibit the elevated blood glucose level in disaccharides‐loaded rats due to their α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities. The suppressive effects of BF and BB extracts as well as of the active constituent 1 on the increase in blood glucose were estimated to dwindle at a limited time after administration. Therefore, it is suggested that BF and BB extracts might exert their effective antidiabetic effects when taken with meals.

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“…These four substances are natural and effective α-glucosidase inhibitors (Liu et al, 2006;Han et al, 2020). Morikawa et al found that the methanol fraction of Salacia reticulata Wight has an inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase (Morikawa et al, 2021). Recent research suggests that α-glucosidase inhibitors reversibly bind to maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI), thereby inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolysis in the small intestine.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Glucose Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal tea, a novel adjuvant therapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review

Zhang

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic, endocrine disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Several studies have shown that herbal tea improves glucose metabolism disorders in patients with T2DM. This study summarizes the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on herbal tea as a adjuvant therapy for treating T2DM and found that herbal teas have potential add-on effects in lowering blood glucose levels. In addition, we discussed the polyphenol contents in common herbal teas and their possible adverse effects. To better guide the application of herbal teas, we further summarized the hypoglycemic mechanisms of common herbal teas, which mainly involve: 1) improving insulin resistance, 2) protecting islet β-cells, 3) anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, 4) inhibition of glucose absorption, and 5) suppression of gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, herbal tea, as a novel adjuvant therapy for treating T2DM, has the potential for further in-depth research and product development.

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A review of antidiabetic active thiosugar sulfoniums, salacinol and neokotalanol, from plants of the genus Salacia

Cited by 22 publications

References 102 publications

Antidiabetic activity of Solanum torvum fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Antidiabetic activity of Solanum torvum fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Suppressive effects of Bombycis Feces (bombyx feces) and Bombyx Batryticatus (stiff silkworm) extracts on blood glucose level elevation in disaccharides‐loaded rats

Herbal tea, a novel adjuvant therapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review

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