A Review of Antimicrobial Peptides: Its Function, Mode of Action and Therapeutic Potential

Sehrish, Nayab; Aslam, Muhammad; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Sindhu, Zia ud Din; Sajid, Sanaullah; Zafar, Nishat; Razaq, Maida; Kanwar, Rabia; Amanullah, .

doi:10.1007/s10989-021-10325-6

Cited by 58 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Extended linear structure AMPs They are linear extended structure peptides and comprise high amino acid contents as histidine, proline, tryptophan, and arginine. Their antimicrobial effects could be attributed to their ability to interact with intracellular proteins, such as heat shock protein (HSP) (Nayab et al, 2022).…”

Section: The β-Sheet Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative to antibiotic use in aquaculture – A mini-review

Naiel

Ghazanfar²,

Negm

et al. 2023

Annals of Animal Science

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The use of antibiotics for the control of infections has not only been banned by FDA for use in food-producing animals, but also several countries have prohibited their use in aquaculture because of several reasons such as the occurrence of antibiotic-tolerant microorganisms, accumulation of antibiotic residues in fish and shrimp flesh, and aquatic environmental effluence concerns. These issues have led researchers and aquaculture scientists to conduct several studies to find antibiotic alternatives. Numerous substitutes have been evaluated, such as probiotics, synbiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, phytogenics, essential oils, and several others. Results show that these supplements demonstrate proven efficacy in enhancing immune responses, reducing mortalities resulting from experimental infections, and reducing antibiotic usage in medicated aquafeed. Nonetheless, using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to control fish diseases and be used as antibiotic alternatives is a promising and interesting research topic. AMPs are a vital class of small peptides that could stimulate the innate immune system against challenging pathogens and also possess significant potent defensive responses against a variety of infectious and non-infectious pathogenic agents, including bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. Regarding their source origin, AMPs can be classified into six main types: mammalian-, amphibian-, insect-, aquatic-, plant-, and microorganism-derived AMPs. On account of their unique structure, they can display an essential function in therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases affecting fish and shrimp. Reports showed several kinds of AMPs had a wide spectrum of antimicrobial properties. These effects are besides their prominent immunostimulatory functions. Thus, they may be considered a functional alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture. This article provides information on the current knowledge about the modes of action, sources, classification, functions, and potential applications for the development of aquatic animal health. The information included in this context will be valuable to enhance the sustainability of aquaculture.

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Section: The β-Sheet Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative to antibiotic use in aquaculture – A mini-review

Naiel

Ghazanfar²,

Negm

et al. 2023

Annals of Animal Science

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“…Instead of membrane disruption, some AMPs translocate across the bacterial membrane and bind to intracellular targets that affect specific enzymatic activities or vital metabolic processes, such as the synthesis of DNA, RNA, proteins, and cell walls [ 47 ]. Other mechanisms of membrane disruption have also been reported, such as the formation of aggregates, electroporation, and alteration of the distribution of membrane components [ 8 , 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in the Discovery and Design of Antimicrobial Peptides Using Traditional Machine Learning and Deep Learning

et al. 2022

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Antimicrobial resistance has become a critical global health problem due to the abuse of conventional antibiotics and the rise of multi-drug-resistant microbes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of natural peptides that show promise as next-generation antibiotics due to their low toxicity to the host, broad spectrum of biological activity, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-parasitic activities, and great therapeutic potential, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. Most importantly, AMPs kill bacteria by damaging cell membranes using multiple mechanisms of action rather than targeting a single molecule or pathway, making it difficult for bacterial drug resistance to develop. However, experimental approaches used to discover and design new AMPs are very expensive and time-consuming. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using in silico methods, including traditional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches, to drug discovery. While there are a few papers summarizing computational AMP prediction methods, none of them focused on DL methods. In this review, we aim to survey the latest AMP prediction methods achieved by DL approaches. First, the biology background of AMP is introduced, then various feature encoding methods used to represent the features of peptide sequences are presented. We explain the most popular DL techniques and highlight the recent works based on them to classify AMPs and design novel peptide sequences. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of AMP prediction.

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“…AMP are molecules expressed by all living organisms and responsible for the innate defense system against pathogen infection, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites [ 32 ]. AMP are oligopeptides with up to 50 amino acids with a broad spectrum of action against microorganisms [ 33 , 34 ]. This new class of compounds has boosted science for new methodologies for synthesizing, isolating, purifying, analyzing, and quantifying peptides [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Antimicrobial Peptides for Bacterial Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dias

Ferrisse

Medeiros

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Considering the challenges related to antimicrobial resistance, other strategies for controlling infections have been suggested, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial peptides (AMP). This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain evidence on the antimicrobial effectiveness of aPDT associated with AMP and establish in vitro knowledge on this topic for further study designs. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scielo, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Two independent and calibrated researchers (Kappa = 0.88) performed all the systematic steps according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The odds ratio (OR) was used as the effect measure. The Peto method was used to perform the meta-analysis due to the sparse data. Twenty studies were included in the present review. The result was significant (OR = 0.14/p = 0.0235/I-squared = 0%), showing better outcomes of aPDT associated with peptides than those of aPDT alone for controlling the microbial load. Only 20% of the studies included evaluated this approach in a biofilm culture. Combined treatment with aPDT and AMP highly increased the ability of microbial reduction of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, additional blind studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy on microbial biofilms.

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A Review of Antimicrobial Peptides: Its Function, Mode of Action and Therapeutic Potential

Cited by 58 publications

References 90 publications

Applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative to antibiotic use in aquaculture – A mini-review

Applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative to antibiotic use in aquaculture – A mini-review

Recent Progress in the Discovery and Design of Antimicrobial Peptides Using Traditional Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Use of Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Antimicrobial Peptides for Bacterial Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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