A review of arsenic reaction behavior in copper smelting process and its disposal techniques

Green Route to Arsenic Detoxification: Mechanochemical Transformation of As2O3 to As(0)

“…12−14 As a result, arsenic is usually accumulated and stabilized as less toxic arsenate (e.g., Ca 5 (AsO 4 ) 3 OH, FeAsO 4 ) by the remediation technologies of arsenic in the atmosphere, water bodies, and other industrial outputs. 15,16 However, a significant amount of arsenic is produced in the form of highly toxic arsenic trioxide. According to data from the United States Geological Survey, 17 global production of arsenic trioxide amounted to 61,000 tons in 2022, with only a small portion being used in pharmaceutical engineering, semiconductors, alloys, optical materials, and wood treatment.…”

“…Among these issues, heavy metal pollution has emerged as a serious problem due to its cumulative, toxic, and nondegradable nature, − posing significant risks to both the natural environment and human health. , Arsenic, in particular, has been classified as the most toxic element by numerous organizations . Groundwater and soil contamination by arsenic has been reported in more than 105 countries worldwide, , especially in Asian countries. − In nature, arsenic exists in the −3, 0, +3, and +5 oxidation states, but the toxicity of trivalent arsenic is 60-fold greater than that of pentavalent arsenic. − As a result, arsenic is usually accumulated and stabilized as less toxic arsenate (e.g., Ca 5 (AsO 4 ) 3 OH, FeAsO 4 ) by the remediation technologies of arsenic in the atmosphere, water bodies, and other industrial outputs. , However, a significant amount of arsenic is produced in the form of highly toxic arsenic trioxide. According to data from the United States Geological Survey, global production of arsenic trioxide amounted to 61,000 tons in 2022, with only a small portion being used in pharmaceutical engineering, semiconductors, alloys, optical materials, and wood treatment.…”

Phase Transformation of Arsenic, Antimony and Lead in High-Grade Copper Matte Converting

“…The oxides of the impurity elements arsenic and antimony are difficult to react with quartz flux, and mainly rely on the volatilization of their monomers or low-valent oxides to remove them [15][16][17][18]. According to scholars, in the simulation of the distribution proportion of arsenic in the converting process, 77% of arsenic volatilizes into gas, but the factory production data are far from the difference, which is strongly related to the matte grade in the converting process [19,20].…”